Feasibility Study of a Dynamic Anesthetic Strategy for Ensuring Zero Body Movement in Animals During Transcontinental Ultra-Remote Robotic Partial Nephrectomy
10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.143
- VernacularTitle:动态麻醉保障跨洲际超远程机器人肾部分切除术动物零体动的可行性研究
- Author:
Yishu LIU
1
;
Zheng WANG
2
;
Juan LAI
3
;
Liping CAI
3
Author Information
1. Department of Internal Medicine and Field Internal Medicine,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
2. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
3. Clinical Education Center,The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Robotic telesurgery;
Partial nephrectomy;
Dynamic anesthesia management;
Muscle relaxation monitoring;
Experimental pigs;
Transcontinental surgery
- From:
Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine
2026;46(3):397-407
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo verify the technical feasibility and safety of partial nephrectomy in experimental pigs using a single-port endoscopic surgical robot in a transcontinental ultra-remote environment spanning 13 000 km with an average network delay of 204 ms, and to explore a dynamic combined anesthesia strategy that can effectively prevent intraoperative body movement in animals. MethodsThe research team used one experimental pig in Shanghai, China, and one in Orlando, the United States, and performed bidirectional remote surgery using the same model of single-port endoscopic surgical robot system. The anesthesia regimen included preoperative administration of 0.02 mg/kg dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and 0.05 mg/kg fentanyl citrate for combined sedation and analgesia. During remote surgery, according to the animal's reflex activity, pain response, and train-of-four stimulation (TOF) count results, vecuronium bromide was continuously infused at an initial rate of 0.04 mg·kg-1·h-1, and the dose was dynamically adjusted. Together with isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, the animal was maintained in a deep neuromuscular block state (TOF=0) to prevent intraoperative body movement. In addition, heart rate, blood pressure, muscle relaxation, and other indicators were monitored throughout the operation. ResultsSurgical operations were successfully performed at both sites, and the network delay remained stable at 202-208 ms. There was no data packet loss and no robot equipment failure. The vital signs of the experimental animal in Shanghai, China, remained stable, with zero body movement throughout the operation. Intraoperative blood loss was controllable, and no abnormal bleeding occurred. ConclusionIn transcontinental ultra-remote robotic surgery with inherent network delay, a dynamically adjusted anesthesia strategy can effectively avoid accidental bleeding caused by animal body movement and reduce the risks associated with network latency, thereby verifying the feasibility of this technical approach. In the future, it will be necessary to build a real-time cross-regional physiological data synchronization platform, standardize anesthesia protocols for animals undergoing remote surgery, and provide a technical basis for clinical translation to human trials.
