Perinatal Mortality Rate and Risk Factors in Ulaanbaatar
- VernacularTitle:Улаанбаатар дахь перинаталь эндэгдлийн түвшин, нөлөөлж буй зарим хүчин зүйлс
- Author:
Oyun S
1
;
Burmaajav B
1
Author Information
1. Ach Medical University
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Air pollution;
Early neonatal death;
PM₂.₅;
Perinatal mortality;
Stillbirth;
Ulaanbaatar
- From:Mongolian Medical Sciences
2025;214(4):12-23
- CountryMongolia
- Language:Mongolian
-
Abstract:
Background:Perinatal mortality is a key indicator of maternal and newborn health. Ulaanbaatar experiences
severe seasonal air pollution, which may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Material and Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted using official perinatal mortality data from Ulaanbaatar
for 2023–2024. A total of 53,256 births were recorded. Among these, 489 perinatal deaths
were identified, including 257 stillbirths and 232 early neonatal deaths.
Perinatal mortality rates were calculated per 1,000 total births at the district level. Associations
with ambient air pollutants (PM₂.₅, SO₂, CO, and NO₂) were assessed using Pearson
correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Maternal age, residential area, and
pregnancy complications were included as covariates.
The research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of “Ach” Medical
University (Approval No. 2025/04). All data were anonymized prior to analysis.
Results:The overall perinatal mortality rate was 9.2 per 1,000 total births. The stillbirth rate was 4.8
per 1,000 total births, while the early neonatal mortality rate was 4.4 per 1,000 live births.
District-level variation was observed, with the highest perinatal mortality rates reported in
Chingeltei (18.3‰), Sukhbaatar (14.1‰), and Songinokhairkhan (10.2‰) districts. Seasonal
variation was evident, with mortality peaking during winter and autumn.
PM₂.₅ concentrations exceeded national air quality standards by 3.4–8.2-fold during winter
and showed a significant positive correlation with stillbirth rates (r = 0.68, p < 0.05).
In multivariable logistic regression analysis, maternal age ≥35 years (OR = 1.68, 95% CI:
1.12–2.54) and residence in ger districts (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.54–3.08) were independently
associated with higher odds of perinatal mortality
Conclusion:Perinatal mortality in Ulaanbaatar remains higher than international targets. Environmental
and sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with perinatal mortality,
suggesting that both environmental exposures and urban health inequalities may contribute to adverse perinatal outcomes. Targeted public health interventions are needed to reduce
environmental risks and improve maternal and neonatal health.
- Full text:2026070407401915437MAUS-2025-214(4)-12-23.pdf
