Age-Related Difference in Oral Motor Function and Masticatory Performance in Healthy Korean Older Adults
10.5856/JKDS.2025.18.4.148
- Author:
Ji-Hyeon OH
1
;
Seo Young KIM
;
Bock-Young JUNG
Author Information
1. Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Publication Type:ORIGINAL ARTICLE
- From:Journal of Korean Dental Science
2025;18(4):148-160
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Purpose:This study aimed to assess age-related differences in oral motor function using both objective and subjective measures and to identify factors associated with masticatory performance (MP), oral diadochokinesis (ODK), and tongue pressure (TP) in older adults.
Materials and Methods:A total of 227 healthy older adults aged ≥65 years participated in this study and were classified into Group 1 (Gr1; 65 – 74 years, n=109) and Group 2 (Gr2; ≥75 years, n=118). The objective assessments included MP, ODK, TP, bite force (BF), occluding area (OA), and the Eichner index. The subjective assessments included the Food Intake Ability (FIA) questionnaire, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14, and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (KMMSE). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the variables associated with MP, ODK and TP.
Results:ODK, TP and KMMSE scores significantly decreased in the ≥75-year age group, whereas MP did not significantly differ between the groups. In Gr1, MP was associated with OA, ODK (/pa/, /ta/), BF, and FIA. In Gr2, MP was associated with ODK (/pa/,/ta/,/ka/) and BF. In Gr2, TP was associated with OA, ODK, BF, and the KMMSE. ODK was additionally associated with the OHIP-14 and KMMSE only in Gr2.
Conclusion:Although both groups maintained sufficient masticatory function, older adults aged ≥75 years showed marked declines in oral motor and cognitive function. These findings emphasize the importance of age-specific assessment and early intervention to maintain oral health and functional independence in older adults.
