- Author:
Taekyun SHIN
1
;
Jeongtae KIM
;
Irene ORTIZ-LEAL
;
Pablo SANCHEZ-QUINTEIRO
Author Information
- Publication Type:Narrative Review
- From:Journal of Veterinary Science 2026;27(1):e13-
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: and Relevance: Collectively, these observations underscore the importance of the VNO, not merely as an accessory olfactory system but as a central organ that links environmental conditions, endocrine regulation, and reproductive performance. This highlights its relevance in clinical diagnostics and welfare-oriented livestock management.

