Skim milk hydrolysate (SMH-AP) containing AVPYP and GLPQE ameliorates adipogenic lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells
10.4162rp.2026.20.2.201
- Author:
Sekyung LEE
;
Hyung Joo SUH
;
Eun-Jin JUNG
;
Hyeon-Son CHOI
- Publication Type:Research Paper
- From:Nutrition Research and Practice
2026;20(2):201-219
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the anti-adipogenic effects of skim milk hydrolysate with alcalase and prozyme (SMH-AP) in 3T3-L1 cells and identified its bioactive peptides.MATERIALS/METHODS: After adipogenic differentiation, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with SMH-AP.
RESULTS:SMH-AP, produced via sequential hydrolysis with Alcalase and Prozyme, significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and modulated adipogenic and lipogenic biomarkers. It downregulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β, C/EBPα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, while upregulating Krüppel-like factor 2. SMH-AP suppressed the cholesterogenic markers (SREBP2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) and activated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha, which phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase and activated hormone-sensitive lipase.Molecular analysis confirmed extensive proteolysis into small, cell-permeable peptides (~330 Da). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry identified Ala–Val–Pro– Tyr–Pro and Gly–Leu–Pro–Gln–Glu as major bioactive peptides.
CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that SMH-AP may serve as a promising functional food ingredient for preventing obesity.
