Barriers to treatment completion among drugsensitive tuberculosis patients: evidence from Indonesia’s tuberculosis surveillance system
10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0325
- Author:
Mahalul AZAM
1
;
Latifa HANAN
;
Muhammad AZINAR
;
Amelia Fitra KHASANAH
;
Arulita Ika FIBRIANA
;
Moch YUNUS
;
Dewi SUSANNA
;
Martha Irene KARTASURYA
;
Shabbir SYED-ABDUL
Author Information
1. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
- Publication Type:Original Article
- From:
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
2026;17(2):145-154
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Objectives:This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia and to identify associated factors.
Methods:This study analyzed data from the 2022 Tuberculosis Information System in Indonesia. A total of 71,665 drug-sensitive TB patients were included in the analysis. Age, sex,employment status, diagnosis type, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, diabetesmellitus, TB type, mode of treatment, treatment standard, referral status, and type of residence.Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify confounder-adjusted independent predictors of LTFU.
Results:The prevalence of LTFU was 18.4%. A higher likelihood of LTFU was observed amongolder adults aged ≥65 years (adjusted-prevalence-odds-ratio [aPOR], 1.862), men (aPOR, 1.187), unemployed individuals (aPOR, 1.136), non-referred patients (aPOR, 1.547), patients with HIV (aPOR, 3.712), and those obtaining TB drugs out of pocket (aPOR, 4.998). The strongest predictorwas receipt of non-standard treatment, which was associated with a markedly increasedlikelihood of LTFU (aPOR, 26.912). In contrast, rural residence demonstrated a protective association (aPOR, 0.610). All associations were statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:This study highlights a substantial burden of LTFU among TB patients in Indonesia,with nearly one in five patients discontinuing treatment. Multiple sociodemographic and clinical factors—particularly non-standard treatment, non-referral status, and HIV co-infection—were strongly associated with LTFU, underscoring gaps in the TB care continuum.These findings emphasize the need for targeted, patient-centered interventions, strengthenedreferral pathways, improved communication, and enhanced care coordination to reduce LTFU in high-risk groups.
