MMP9 and ADNP Gene Expressions in Secondary Bone Metastasis of Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Rahmat Cahyanur; Cosphiadi Irawan; Lisnawati Rachmadi; Marlinda Adham; Achmad Fauzi Kamal; Achmad Rusdan Handoyo Utomo; Mardiah Suci Hardianti; Thariqah Salamah; Muchtaruddin Mansyur

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MMP9 and ADNP Gene Expressions in Secondary Bone Metastasis of Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Author: Rahmat Cahyanur ¹ ; Cosphiadi Irawan ¹ ; Lisnawati Rachmadi ² ; Marlinda Adham ³ ; Achmad Fauzi Kamal ⁴ ; Achmad Rusdan Handoyo Utomo ⁵ ; Mardiah Suci Hardianti ⁶ ; Thariqah Salamah ⁷ ; Muchtaruddin Mansyur ⁸
Author Information

1. Division of Hematology Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
2. Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
3. Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
4. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
5. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Yarsi University, Jakarta, Indonesia
6. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
7. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
8. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: MMP-9; ADNP; nasopharyngeal cancer; secondary bone metastasis
MeSH: MMP-9; ADNP; nasopharyngeal cancer; secondary bone metastasis
From: Acta Medica Indonesiana 2026;58(1):59-66
CountryIndonesia
Language:English
Abstract: Abstract:Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignancy of the nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium. Primary and secondary metastases in nasopharyngeal cancer are generally prevalent in the bones. Gene expression plays a critical role in regulating fundamental cellular processes in cancer cells, including metastasis. Methods: A total of 29 patients with non-metastatic NPC were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 48.45±9.98 years old. Most participants were male (75.9%). More than half of the participants had T4 and N2, 52.7% and 51.0% respectively). Secondary metastasis was observed in 9 of the 29 participants within two years. Patients with secondary metastases had a higher proportion of T4 (7/9) and N2 (4/9) disease. Bone was the first site of secondary metastasis (6/9 patients). The median time to secondary bone metastasis was 14.0 (6.8-21.2) months. Based on the differential expression gene (DEG) analysis, the MMP9 gene was upregulated 12.50 (4.18–37.40), adjusted p <0.01, and the ADNP gene was downregulated 0.141 (0.04–0.43), adjusted p 0.04, among patients with secondary bone metastasis. Conclusion: Bones are the first site of metastasis, with a time to metastasis of 14.0 (6.8-21,2) months. MMP9 was upregulated, and ANDP was downregulated in patients with bone metastasis compared to those without metastasis.
Full text:2026062916005371570oa7-Rahmat Cahyanur V.pdf