Screening of single-chain variable fragments and their application in diagnostic field
10.13200/j.cnki.cjb.004721
- VernacularTitle:单链抗体的筛选及其在诊断领域的应用
- Author:
Qingjie ZHANG
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Single-chain variable fragment(scFv);
Molecular imaging;
Diagnostic probe;
Polymerization engineering;
Point-of-care testing(POCT)
- From:
Chinese Journal of Biologicals
2026;39(06):736-746+755
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
With the innovation of recombinant antibody technology,single-chain variable fragments(scFvs),as high-perfor-mance diagnostic probes,have entered a stage of refined molecular design and functional modularization.Compared with traditional antibodies,scFvs,with the small relative molecular mass(25 000) and customizable flexible linker peptide characteristics,significantly enhance tissue penetration and antigen epitope accessibility,and demonstrate excellent performance in solid-phase carrier coupling(such as coupling efficiency ≥ 92% after fusing streptavidin tags).Through rational design and multimerization engineering strategies,scFvs have achieved significant breakthroughs in stability enhancement and multifunctional fusion construction,and have been successfully applied in multimodal molecular imaging,rapid pathogen screening,and drug residue analysis,among others,achieving a several orders of magnitude improvement in detection sensitivity,with some systems reaching the fg/mL level.This review systematically elaborates on the key technolo-gical advancements in the construction of scFv phage display libraries,directed evolution screening,and glycosylation engineering modification.It focuses on analyzing the breakthrough applications of scFvs in the recognition and diagnosis of biomarkers in diseases,food immunity,biological toxins,and antibiotic residues.The review also dissects the current technical challenges faced by scFvs in terms of thermal stability,in vivo half-life,and large-scale expression and preparation.The article further looks forward to the development trends of scFvs in directions such as AI-assisted rational design,multi-modal detection integration,and clinical point-of-care testing(POCT) transformation.
