Role of caffeine and ethanol in modulating expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κβ (RANK) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) during orthodontic tooth movement: An in vivo study.

Ardiansyah S PAWINRU; Eka ERWANSYAH; Eddy Heriyanto HABAR; Abul FAUZI; AMINULLAH; Gita GAYATRI; Yustisia PUSPITASARI; Ita Purnama ALWI; Andi Husnul HASANAH

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Role of caffeine and ethanol in modulating expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κβ (RANK) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) during orthodontic tooth movement: An in vivo study.

Author: Ardiansyah S. PAWINRU ¹ ; Eka ERWANSYAH ¹ ; Eddy Heriyanto HABAR ¹ ; Abul FAUZI ² ; AMINULLAH ³ ; Gita GAYATRI ⁴ ; Yustisia PUSPITASARI ⁵ ; Ita Purnama ALWI ¹ ; Andi Husnul HASANAH ¹
Author Information

1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
4. Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
5. Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Muslim University of Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Publication Type:Journal Article, Original
Keywords: Rank; Opg; Rat Model
MeSH: Animals; Tooth Movement Techniques; Tooth Movement; Osteoprotegerin; Role; Movement; Ethanol; Bone Remodeling; Caffeine; Immunohistochemistry
From: Acta Medica Philippina 2026;60(8):115-122
CountryPhilippines
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Orthodontic tooth movement is driven by bone remodeling influenced by systemic factors, including caffeine and ethanol. This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine and ethanol on the expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κβ (RANK) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG), key bone remodeling biomarkers, during orthodontic tooth movement.
METHODS
A laboratory experimental study was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: K1 (orthodontic force only), K2 (force + caffeine), and K3 (force + ethanol). Orthodontic force was applied using Ni-Ti coil springs. Caffeine and ethanol were administered orally daily. On days 7 and 14, maxillary tissues were collected and analyzed via immunohistochemistry for RANK and OPG expression. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-tests with significance at pRESULTS
Caffeine and ethanol administration increased RANK and OPG expression compared to controls; however, only the ethanol group showed a significant increase in RANK expression on day 14 (p = 0.044). OPG expression was significantly higher in treatment groups at both time points (pCONCLUSION
Caffeine and ethanol modulate bone remodeling marker expression during orthodontic force application, with ethanol significantly increasing RANK expression at later stages. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical implications for orthodontic treatment.