Analyses of T lymphocyte subset levels and viral loads in human immunodeficiency virus antibody-confirmed positive cases in Suzhou from 2021 to 2024
10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2026.250303
- VernacularTitle:2021—2024年苏州市人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体确证阳性病例的T淋巴细胞亚群水平及病毒载量
- Author:
Runfang TIAN
1
;
Qiang SHEN
1
;
Xuerong YA
1
;
Yue DAI
1
;
Qian GAO
1
Author Information
1. Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS);
T lymphocyte subset;
CD4+/CD8+ ratio;
viral load
- From:
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
2026;38(3):210-215
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the T lymphocyte subset levels and viral loads in newly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-confirmed positive cases in Suzhou (2021‒2024), and to analyze potential influencing factors by integrating their demographic characteristics, immune status, and viral replication patterns, thereby providing evidence for HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control. MethodsPeripheral whole blood samples were collected from newly confirmed HIV-positive cases in Suzhou from 2021 to 2024. T lymphocyte subset analysis and viral load testing were performed, and influencing factors were identified in combination with demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with CD4+T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·μL-1, and Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between logarithmic value of viral load and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. ResultsAmong the 3 022 confirmed HIV-positive samples, the median CD4+T lymphocyte count was 298.00 cells·μL-1, with 882 cases (29.19%) showing CD4+ T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL-1. The median CD8+T lymphocyte count was 1 011.00 cells·μL-1. The median CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.28, with 32.46% of cases exhibiting CD4+/CD8+ ratios <0.20, and there were statistically significant differences in CD4+/CD8+ ratio among different genders, age groups, marital status, and sample sources (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals aged ≥20 years, those who were divorced or widowed, and cases identified through medical institutions had a significantly higher proportion of CD4+T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·µL⁻¹ compared to those aged <20 years, unmarried individuals, and cases sourced from voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics, respectively. The mean logarithmic value of viral load was (4.29±1.15) copies·mL-1. The logarithmic value of viral load demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with both CD4+/CD8+ ratio (r=-0.43, P<0.001) and CD4+T lymphocyte count (r=-0.37, P<0.001). ConclusionA substantial proportion of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Suzhou are late presenters with high viral load levels. Targeted interventions should prioritize high-risk populations through enhanced active surveillance and the implementation of combined T lymphocyte subsets analysis and viral load testing, which can enable earlier case-finding and timely antiretroviral therapy initiation.
