Research progress on human leukocyte antigen gene polymorphisms in 4 types of autoimmune encephalitis
10.3760/cma.j.cn113694-20250306-00123
- VernacularTitle:4种自身免疫性脑炎与人类白细胞抗原基因多态性的研究进展
- Author:
Pinfei NI
1
;
Haitao REN
1
;
Hongzhi GUAN
1
Author Information
1. 中国医学科学院北京协和医院神经科，北京 100730
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Encephalitis;
Autoimmune encephalitis;
Human leukocyte antigen;
Genetic susceptibility
- From:
Chinese Journal of Neurology
2025;58(10):1107-1112
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
The genetic susceptibility to autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is associated with the polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen ( HLA) genes. This article summarizes the genetic characteristics and clinical associations of HLA genes in 4 AE subtypes: anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis, anti-immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 5 (IgLON5) antibody-associated encephalopathy, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated neuroimmune syndrome. Significant associations have been identified between anti-LGI1 encephalitis and DRB1 *07∶01, and between anti-IgLON5 antibody-associated encephalopathy and DQB1 *05∶01. Furthermore, anti-NMDAR encephalitis is associated with DRB1 *16∶02 and DQB1 *05∶02, while anti-GAD antibody-associated neuroimmune syndrome is linked to HLA-DQB1 *02∶01. The HLA genes associated with different AE subtypes exhibit notable heterogeneity, suggesting that HLA polymorphisms may serve as potential molecular markers for the diagnosis, clinical phenotyping, and prognosis of AE.
