Application of allergen sIgE test in children′s respiratory diseases and analysis of related factors
10.3760/cma.j.cn114452-20251224-00706
- VernacularTitle:过敏原sIgE检测在儿童呼吸道疾病中的应用及相关因素分析
- Author:
Lingli LUO
1
;
Caizhi HUANG
1
;
Xingyuan ZHU
1
Author Information
1. 中南大学湘雅医学院附属儿童医院（湖南省儿童医院）检验中心，长沙410007
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Respiratory tract diseases;
Anaphylaxis;
Allergens;
Immunoglobulin E
- From:
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine
2025;48(6):715-721
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:This study aim to explore the distribution patterns of inhalant allergen specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE) positive rates in children with respiratory diseases and its correlation with clinical characteristics, so as to provide reference basis for the prevention and diagnosis of respiratory diseases in children.Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using clinical data from 3 574 children with respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases attending Hunan Children′s Hospital from August 2022 to August 2024.The χ 2 test or Fisher′s test was used for statistical analysis to compare the distribution characteristics of inhaled allergen positive rates among children across different ages, genders, seasons, and diseases. The correlation between allergens and clinical features was analyzed. Results:Of the 3 574 children, 51.4%(1 838) were positive for at least 1 inhalant allergen sIgE, with house dust mite, dust mite, and house dust being the most common allergens with top 3 positive rates. The children had a single sensitization rate of 17.9%(329/1 838) and a multiple sensitization rate of 82.1%(1 509/1 838), with a predominance of two (31.6%, 580/1 838) and three (30.6%, 562/1 838) positive allergens. The total positive rate of allergen sIgE for children in the adolescent group was 70.1%(103/147), higher than that in children in the infant group 24.9%(122/489), the preschool group 49.0%(818/1 669), and the school-age group 62.6%(795/1 269)(all P<0.001). The positive rate of allergen sIgE increased gradually with age (χ 2 trend value=93.70, P<0.001). The overall positive rate of allergen sIgE was higher in male children 52.6%(1 157/2 199) than in female children 49.0%(673/1 375)(χ 2=5.95, P<0.05). The allergic rhinitis subgroup had the highest sIgE positive rate of 60.3%(152/252), followed by the 54.9%(123/224) from the allergic rhinitis with asthma subgroup, and the 52.6%(1 142/2 173) from the asthma subgroup. These differences were statistically significant (χ 2=9.87, P<0.05). The allergen sIgE positive rate of the children was the highest in summer, with 57.8%(786/1 360), and the lowest in winter, with 42.1%(215/511). The difference between the different seasons was statistically significant (χ 2=58.20, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis found that the number of positive species of allergens was positively correlated with the sIgE levels ( r=0.51, P<0.001), and there was a positive correlation between sIgE levels of house dust mites and dust mites ( r=0.88, P<0.01). Conclusions:The main allergens of respiratory diseases in children are house dust mite and dust mite. The positive rate of allergen sIgE increases with age, is higher in males than females, has the highest rate of sensitization in summer, and is easy to be multiple sensitized. Early sIgE screening is recommended to guide the prevention and diagnosis of the disease for children.
