National clinical three-tiered surveillance and stratified precision detection report on respiratory infectious pathogens in 2024
10.3760/cma.j.cn311365-20250304-00071
- VernacularTitle:2024年全国临床呼吸道病原体三级监测与分层精准检测报告
- Author:
Jingwen AI
1
;
Jikui DENG
;
Min DONG
;
Xiaohong GAO
;
Jiawei GENG
;
Xiaoli HU
;
Zhu JIN
;
Hongyan LIU
;
Yongzhong LI
;
Xi LIU
;
Yuanwang QIU
;
Lihong QU
;
Binhuang SUN
;
Wei SONG
;
Hongyu WANG
;
Junping WANG
;
Sen WANG
;
Xiaoming XIONG
;
Daokun YANG
;
Liaoyun ZHANG
;
Yanliang ZHANG
;
Xianghong ZHOU
;
Wenhong ZHANG
Author Information
1. 复旦大学附属华山医院感染科，国家传染病医学中心，上海 200040
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Infections;
Respiratory pathogens;
Clinical pathogen surveillance system;
Epidemiological characteristics;
Clinical features
- From:
Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases
2025;43(2):79-89
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory pathogens in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, which encompassed 19 core units of the clinical pathogen network and established a three-tiered clinical pathogen surveillance system. Thirty respiratory samples were collected every two weeks from various units from January to December 2024, and the clinical and pathogen diagnostic information were gathered. A total of 11 864 samples were tested using this system. The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system covered influenza A virus (Flu-A), influenza B virus (Flu-B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system focused on 18 key respiratory pathogens. The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system further clarified whether any emerging infectious diseases had occurred.Results:The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system showed Flu-A predominated in December, Flu-B predominated in January, SARS-CoV-2 peaked in March and August, whereas RSV circulated sporadically throughout the year. Geographic trends were broadly consistent across the seven major regions, although Flu-A detection in December was notably higher in Northeast China (48.1%(111/231)) and East China (36.2%(148/409)), and RSV detection was concentrated in the Northwest and South China from January to March. Data from the tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system indicated that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, and adenovirus were detected year-round, of these, Streptococcus pneumoniae and rhinovirus showed elevated positive detection rates from August to September, while adenovirus peaked in January. Legionella pneumophila was not detected throughout the year, and other pathogens fluctuated throughout the year without a consistent pattern. The predominant etiologic agents of pediatric pneumonia were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (35.0%(105/300)), rhinovirus (25.7%(77/300)), and adenovirus (17.3%(52/300)), whereas adult pneumonia was mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%(29/277)), Staphylococcus aureus (6.9%(19/277)), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (6.9%(19/277)), and Flu-A (6.1%(17/277)). The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system did not identify any emerging respiratory pathogens. Conclusion:Respiratory pathogens in China in 2024 exhibit distinct temporal and spatial distribution patterns and vary among different populations.
