Hyper-inflammatory response and immunosuppression in sepsis
10.3760/cma.j.cn112309-20250122-00025
- VernacularTitle:脓毒症的过度炎症反应与免疫抑制
- Author:
Yue MA
1
;
Binqing FU
1
;
Haiming WEI
1
Author Information
1. 中国科学技术大学免疫学研究所/生命科学与医学部，合肥 230027
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Sepsis;
Inflammation response;
Cytokine storm;
Immunosuppression
- From:
Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
2025;45(3):190-197
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. It is a high-mortality syndrome that is widespread globally. In this review, we explore the evolving understanding of the immunological features of sepsis, emphasizing the simultaneous occurrence of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses during the disease progression. Early in the disease course, the host is typically in a pro-inflammatory state, characterized by excessive inflammatory responses and vascular damage. As the disease progresses, the host tends toward an immunosuppressive state, marked by immune suppression and secondary infections. This article outlines the immunological characteristics of these two states, including the reciprocal promotion of inflammatory storms and coagulation abnormalities, as well as the death and depletion of immune cells. The heterogeneity of sepsis presents a significant challenge to targeted therapy. A key future direction in sepsis immunology diagnosis and treatment is distinguishing endotypes among sepsis patients, identifying the immunological features and pathogenic mechanisms of each endotype, and enabling focused therapeutic interventions targeting specific sepsis endotypes.
