HPLC-MS/MS screening method and application for 40 piperazine-type substances in urine
10.13618/j.issn.1001-5728.2025.04.012
- VernacularTitle:尿液中40种哌嗪类物质的HPLC-MS/MS筛选方法及应用
- Author:
Jinting LIU
1
;
Wanting XIE
;
Liying ZHOU
;
Shuo YANG
;
Keming YUN
;
Yan SHI
Author Information
1. 山西医科大学法医学院,山西晋中 030600;司法鉴定科学研究院,上海市法医学重点实验室,上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台,司法部司法鉴定重点实验室,上海 200063
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Piperazines;
Urine;
HPLC-MS/MS;
Qualitative and quantitative analysis
- From:
Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine
2025;40(4):451-458
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective Piperazine derivatives are a group of emerging psychoactive substances with excitatory and hallucinogenic effects on the central nervous system.This study established a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)screening method for the detection of 40 piperazine compounds in urine.Methods A 200 μL urine sample(spiked with an internal standard at 1 ng/mL)was subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate.After nitrogen evaporation,the residue was redissolved in 200 μL methanol and injected for analysis.Separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC? HSS T3 column(100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.8 μm).The mobile phase consisted of(A)20 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.1％formic acid and 5％acetonitrile,and(B)acetonitrile.Gradient elution was applied,and detection was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.Quantification was achieved using an internal standard calibration curve.Results The 40 piperazine substances demonstrated good linearity within the range of 1-50 ng/mL,with correlation coefficients of 0.995-0.998.The extraction recovery ranged from 51.51％to 104.1％.Intra-day precision was below 5％,while inter-day precision ranged from 1.61％to 10.17％.Accuracy was between-7.84％and 8.77％.The limits of detection were 0.2-1 ng/mL,and the limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL.Conclusion The proposed method requires only a small sample volume,exhibits high sensitivity,selectivity,and stability,and offers short run times.It is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of piperazine derivatives in urine in forensic toxicology practice.
