Effects of exercise preconditioning on hippocampal microglial polarization and demyelination in rats with vascular dementia model
10.3969/j.issn.1001-1242.2025.05.002
- VernacularTitle:运动预处理对血管性痴呆模型大鼠海马小胶质细胞极化及髓鞘脱失的影响
- Author:
Pan CHEN
1
;
Ziwei XIE
1
;
Xin TANG
1
Author Information
1. 湖南中医药大学针灸推拿与康复学院,长沙市,410208
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
vascular dementia;
exercise preconditioning;
microglia polarization;
demyelination
- From:
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
2025;40(5):652-660
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the effects of exercise preconditioning on hippocampal microglia polarization and my-elin loss in vascular dementia(VD)model rats.Method:Sixty male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,exercise precondition-ing sham group and exercise preconditioning model group,with 15 rats in each group.The exercise precondi-tioning rats was trained in weightless swimming exercise for 4 weeks(5sessions/week,30min/session)before mod-eling.The VD model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation.Behavioral tests were conduct-ed using the Morris water maze,and the demyelination in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was observed by Luxol fast blue staining.The polarization of microglia in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was observed by immunofluorescence double labeling staining,and the contents of interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin 10(IL-10),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the serum were detected by ELISA.Result:Four weeks after modeling,the average escape latency of rats in the model group was prolonged and the number of platform crossings was reduced compared with the sham group(P<0.05);the average escape laten-cy of rats in the exercise preconditioning model group was prolonged and the number of platform crossings was reduced compared with the exercise preconditioning sham group(P<0.05);the escape latency of rats in the model group was prolonged compared with the exercise preconditioning model group(P<0.05).The histological demyelination score showed that compared with the sham group,the demyelination in the model group was in-creased(P<0.05);the demyelination in the exercise preconditioning model group was increased compared with the exercise preconditioning sham group(P<0.05);the demyelination in the model group was increased compared with the exercise preconditioning model group(P<0.05).Compared with the sham group,the expression of in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)protein in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the model group was in-creased,while the expression of arginase1(Arg1)protein was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the exercise preconditioning sham group,the expression of iNOS protein in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the exer-cise preconditioning model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression of Arg-1 protein was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the exercise preconditioning model group,the expression of iN-OS protein in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the model group was increased,while the expression of Arg1 protein was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the sham group,the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in the se-rum of rats in the model group decreased,while the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α increased(P<0.05).Compared with the exercise preconditioning sham group,the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in the serum of rats in the exer-cise preconditioning model group decreased,while the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α increased(P<0.05).Com-pared with the exercise preconditioning model group,the content of IL-4 in the serum of rats in the model group decreased,while the content of IL-1β increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Exercise preconditioning can promote microglial M2 polarization and myelin fragment phagocyto-sis,inhibit hippocampal nerve inflammation,and improve the learning and memory ability of rats with vascu-lar dementia.
