Study on mechanism of immunogenic cell death induced by ginsenoside octanoate through induction of autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2025.06.028
- VernacularTitle:人参皂苷辛酸酯通过诱导肝癌细胞自噬引起的免疫原性细胞死亡机制研究
- Author:
Fuxiang SONG
1
;
Zhenzhen DAI
;
Jingjing SHENG
;
Jiali CHEN
;
Hui ZHANG
;
Hua FENG
;
Yao PAN
;
Zeyuan DENG
;
Fang CHEN
Author Information
1. 南昌大学公共卫生学院,南昌 330008
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Immunogenic cell death(ICD);
Ginsenoside octanoate;
Cancer vaccine;
Autophagy;
Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
- From:
Chinese Journal of Immunology
2025;41(6):1427-1432
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the effect of ginsenoside octanoate(Rh2-O)on inducing immunogenic cell death in hepa-tocellular carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Effects of ginsenoside caprylate(Rh2-O)and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA on the activity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of Rh2-O on CRT membrane eversion in Hepa1-6 cells were detected by immunofluorescence assay.Rh2-O treated mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells were used to pre-pare a tumor vaccine for in vivo vaccination experiments in mice.Extracellular ATP levels were detected in real-time.The expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins were measured by real-time fluorescence PCR and Western blot,and the mitochondrial morphol-ogy and co-localization with autophagy proteins were observed by laser confocal microscopy.Results:Rh2-O showed strong cytotoxicity to Hepa1-6 cells[cell viability:(58.54±3.56)%]at a concentration of 150 μmol/L,and a large amount of CRT was observed on the surface of the cell membrane.The tumor emergence rate was 36.36%in the vaccinated group and 100%in the control group.The tumor vaccine prepared by Rh2-O effectively protected mice from the same type of tumor attack;Rh2-O induced an increase in the level of cellular secreted ATP(P<0.05),the mRNA of autophagy-related genes ATG3,p62,LC3 expression levels and autophagy-associated proteins LC3A and LC3B expression levels were increased(P<0.05),and co-localization of mitochondria with autophagy proteins was significantly increased(P<0.05).In addition,Rh2-O action on 3-MA pretreated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in a signifi-cant decrease in extracellular ATP levels(P<0.001).Conclusion:Rh2-O may induce immunogenic cell death by inducing autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
