From ambiguity to precision: innovations in interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome classification and new concepts in precision treatment
10.3760/cma.j.cn112330-20250530-00226
- VernacularTitle:从模糊到精准：间质性膀胱炎/膀胱疼痛综合征分型革新与精准治疗新理念
- Author:
Yuanyuan YANG
1
;
Wenhao SHEN
1
Author Information
1. 陆军军医大学第一附属医院泌尿外科，重庆 400038
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Interstitial cystitis;
Bladder pain syndrome;
Pathophysiology;
Personalized treatment
- From:
Chinese Journal of Urology
2025;46(9):641-647
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome（IC/BPS）is a refractory disease characterized by pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms related to bladder filling. Its etiological mechanism and pathological classification have long been controversial. Recent clinical pathological and genomic evidence indicates that IC and BPS should be precisely diagnosed and treated as independent diseases respectively. IC specifically refers to chronic inflammatory diseases of the bladder with Hunner’s lesion，and its core pathological mechanism involves immune-mediated disruption of the bladder epithelial barrier and imbalance of the local inflammatory microenvironment. BPS，on the other hand，is a functional pain syndrome without obvious organic bladder lesions. Its occurrence and development are mainly related to the interaction of multiple systems such as neurogenic inflammation，central sensitization，and psychological stress. Based on this classification innovation，although the clinical manifestations of these two diseases are similar，clinical diagnosis and treatment need to go through a standardized diagnostic process，accurately distinguish and implement individualized treatment strategies. Meanwhile，it is suggested that IC and BPS be used as independent research subjects for clinical research design to promote the transformation of evidence-based medical evidence into precision treatment plans and ultimately achieve a paradigm innovation from fuzzy diagnosis and treatment to precision medicine.
