The rise,development and application of patient-derived immunocompetent organoid in the treatment of bladder cancer
10.3969/j.issn.1009-8291.2025.07.014
- VernacularTitle:患者来源免疫维持肿瘤类器官的兴起、发展及其在膀胱癌治疗中的应用
- Author:
Zihan ZHAO
1
;
Xiangyu WU
1
;
Hongqian GUO
1
;
Rong YANG
1
Author Information
1. 南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院泌尿外科,南京大学泌尿外科学研究所,江苏南京 210008
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
organoid;
patient-derived immunocompetent tumor organoid;
bladder cancer;
personalized medicine;
immunotherapy
- From:
Journal of Modern Urology
2025;30(7):621-626
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
In recent years,patient-derived tumor organoid(PDTO)models have rapidly emerged as important tools in cancer research,thanks to their unique ability to preserve the characteristics of primary tumors.These models provide a reliable preclinical research platform for screening individualized chemotherapy and targeted therapies for patients.However,traditional PDTOs lack immune cells and cannot replicate the tumor immune microenvironment,which restricts their utility in evaluating immunotherapies.To address this challenge,researchers have developed composite models that incorporate both tumor cells and immune cells,known as patient-derived immunocompetent tumor organoids(PDITOs).PDITOs have shown excellent performance in the preclinical evaluation of immunotherapies,particularly with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors,with some studies reporting up to 100％accuracy in predicting patient responses to immunotherapy.As a common malignancy of the urinary system,bladder cancer has benefited from the application of PDITOs in drug screening and personalized immunotherapy evaluation,demonstrating significant potential.This paper aims to review the rise and development of PDITOs,and compare the advantages and limitations of using different methods to construct PDITOs,so as to explore their application in the treatment of bladder cancer.
