Advances in multidimensional detection strategies and in vitro/in vivo modeling of the HIV latent reservoir
10.3760/cma.j.cn112866-20250725-00155
- VernacularTitle:HIV储存库的多维检测策略与体内外建模研究进展
- Author:
Jiahao JI
1
;
Fuchun WANG
1
;
Luying ZHU
1
;
Tong ZHANG
1
Author Information
1. 首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院感染中心，北京 100069
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）;
Latent infection;
Reservoir;
Animal Model;
Functional cure
- From:
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology
2025;39(5):645-651
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Latent human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection remains the principal barrier to functional cure. Proviruses integrate into multiple immune cell types and persist long term，creating a heterogeneous reservoir. Accurate identification of latent infection and assessment of proviral intactness and function are prerequisites for progress toward cure. Here we compare key reservoir assays and their trade-offs，including HIV DNA quantification by quantitative PCR（qPCR）and droplet digital PCR（ddPCR），detection of replication-competent virus by the quantitative viral outgrowth assay（QVOA），and inducible transcription/protein readouts such as Tat/Rev induced limiting dilution assay（TILDA）and viral protein spot assay（VIP-SPOT）. We also outline applications of spatial transcriptomics and in situ hybridization（RNAscope/DNAscope）for anatomic localization and functional analysis. We also summarize advances in experimental models，spanning in-vitro systems（primary T-cell and myeloid latency models）and in-vivo platforms（humanized mice and rhesus macaque SHIV models）used for mechanism studies and intervention testing. Looking ahead，coordinated use of these orthogonal tools can improve estimates of reservoir size，inducibility，and tissue distribution，and provide a practical platform for translational studies toward functional cure.
