Research Progress in miRNA-mediated Regulation of Glucose Metabolism Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)
10.13865/j.cnki.cjbmb.2025.08.1122
- VernacularTitle:miRNA调控T2DM糖代谢分子通路表达研究现状
- Author:
Tan TIAN
1
;
Shan-Jun BAO
Author Information
1. 武汉体育学院研究生院,武汉 430079
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);
microRNA(miRNA);
signaling pathway;
glucose metab-olism;
insulin resistance
- From:
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2025;41(10):1467-1477
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized primarily by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.Beyond impaired glucose homeostasis,the glucotox-icity resulting from dysregulated glucose metabolism can lead to complications such as diabetic nephropa-thy,diabetic coronary heart disease,and diabetic cognitive dysfunction,posing severe threats to patients' health.Therefore,enhancing glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance are critical strategies for T2DM prevention and treatment.Currently,the primary therapeutic approaches for T2DM include oral hypoglycemic agents and exogenous insulin injections.However,these methods face challenges such as unclear diagnostic markers,suboptimal therapeutic efficacy,and drug-related side effects.Consequently,the development of more precise and effective treatment strategies remains a top priority in clinical re-search.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a short non-coding RNA that regulates gene transcription.It has been reported to exhibit significant alterations even before the onset of overt pathological features like hypergly-cemia,suggesting their potential as early diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM to address current issues like delayed diagnosis and disease progression due to missed optimal treatment windows.Moreover,miRNAs can modulate the expression of pathways involved in glucose metabolism,thereby improving insulin resist-ance and maintaining glucose homeostasis while avoiding side effects associated with conventional thera-pies,such as reduced bone density and localized fat accumulation.This positions miRNAs as a promising avenue for precise and efficient T2DM management.This article systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate glucose metabolism-related pathways,providing a theoretical foundation and reference for future clinical research.
