Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of circadian rhythm types in middle school students
10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20240603-00255
- VernacularTitle:中学生昼夜节律类型分布特征及影响因素
- Author:
Daoli LIU
1
;
Chenxiao SU
;
Jin HE
;
Hengfen LI
Author Information
1. 郑州大学第一附属医院精神科，郑州 450052
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Circadian rhythm types;
Anxiety;
Depression;
Sleep quality;
Sports;
Middle school students
- From:
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
2025;34(4):363-369
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the distribution of circadian rhythm types in middle school students and analyze the influencing factors of evening-type circadian rhythms.Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to select 10 classes from the junior or senior middle school departments of a certain school, with a total of 381 valid samples obtained from September 16 to October 24, 2023.Psychological health assessments were conducted by the morning and evening questionnaire 5 (MEQ-5), 24-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-24), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), social disability screening schedule (SDSS), international physical activity questionnaire short form(IPAQ-SF), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).Based on the score of MEQ-5, students were categorized into evening-type (≤11, n=140), intermediate-type (12-17, n=166), and morning-type (≥18, n=75).The SPSS 25.0 software was used for data analysis, including χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple Logistic stepwise regression analysis. Results:(1)The evening-type, intermediate-type, and morning-type circadian rhythm accounted for 36.7%, 43.6% and 19.7%, respectively.(2) Comparisons among the three groups revealed that the incidence of depression was higher in the evening-type group (32.1%, 45/140) compared to the morning-type(10.7%, 8/75) ( χ2=13.35, P=0.001), the incidence of anxiety was higher in the evening-type (38.6%, 54/140) than in the other two groups(23.5%, 39/166; 20.0%, 15/75) ( χ2=11.70, P=0.003), the incidence of poor sleep quality was higher in the evening-type (61.4%, 86/140) than in the other two groups(44.6%, 74/166; 29.3%, 22/75) ( χ2=21.36, P<0.001), the incidence of social dysfunction was higher in the evening-type (57.9%, 81/140) than in the morning-type(34.7%, 26/75) ( χ2=10.69, P=0.005), and the evening-type had a lower rate of physical activity compared to the other two types ( χ2=19.73, P=0.001).(3) Spearman correlation analysis found a negative correlation between the total MEQ-5 score and the total PSQI score in the evening-type ( r=-0.19, P<0.05).(4) Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to the intermediate-type, the risk factors for the evening-type included introverted mother personality ( B=-2.68, OR=0.07, 95% CI=0.01-0.63, P<0.05), and neutral mother personality ( B=-0.66, OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.28-0.96, P<0.05) compared to extroverted mother personality.Compared to high physical activity, low physical activity ( B=-1.12, OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.19-0.57, P<0.01) and moderate physical activity ( B=-0.71, OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.27-0.91, P<0.05) were risk factors for evening-type.Compared to the morning-type, the introverted personality ( B=1.23, OR=3.41, 95% CI=1.18-9.87, P<0.05) and neutral personality ( B=1.36, OR=3.91, 95% CI=1.52-10.05, P<0.01) were the protective factors of the evening-type relative to the extroverted personality.Low physical activity ( B=-1.33, OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.13-0.55, P<0.01) was a risk factor for the evening-type relative to high physical activity. Conclusion:The evening-type circadian rhythm may be associated with anxiety and depressive emotions, reduced sleep quality, and impaired social function in middle school students.Additionally, low physical activity levels may be a risk factor for the occurrence of evening-type circadian rhythm.
