Research progress and prospects on the mechanisms of circulating tumor cells in the invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma
10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2025.10.008
- VernacularTitle:循环肿瘤细胞在胆管癌侵袭转移中的作用机制研究进展及展望
- Author:
Xue YU
1
;
Tianhao SHEN
;
Cheng ZHOU
;
Yu LIU
;
Tinghui JIANG
;
Wei LI
;
Yongqiang ZHU
;
Yan LIU
Author Information
1. 上海中医药大学附属普陀医院肿瘤介入科,上海 200062
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Circulating tumor cells;
Cholangiocarcinoma;
Invasive pseudopodia;
Metastasis;
Tumor microenvironment
- From:
China Oncology
2025;35(10):952-958
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Cholangiocarcinoma,as a malignant tumor with strong invasiveness and poor prognosis,has a complex metastasis mechanism,and urgently needs in-depth research.Circulating tumor cells(CTC),as the key cell type for tumor cells to shed from the primary site and enter the bloodstream,have significant research significance.In recent years,studies have found that the invasive pseudopodia of CTC play a significant role in the migration and invasion of tumor cells.Among them,in terms of signal transduction pathways,the Rho family GTPases(RhoA,Rac1,Cdc42)work in coordination to regulate the contractility of the pseudofoot,the branching polymerization and orientation of actin,and the phosphoinositide3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)pathway promotes the assembly of actin and cross-communicates with the Rho family by activating AKT.At the molecular mechanism level,long non-coding RNAs regulate the expression of pseudopolypod-related genes by adsorbing miRNAs and other means.Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)degrades the extracellular matrix(ECM)to form an invasion positive feedback.In terms of the microenvironment,cancer-associated fibroblast(CAF)and the cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)secreted by macrophages,epidermal growth factor(EGF),and interleukin-6(IL-6)activate pseudopodia to form signal transduction pathways.ECM hardness and fiber arrangement affect the extension direction of pseudopodia through mechanical force conduction.This article conducted a comprehensive analysis of the biological characteristics of CTC,the formation mechanism of invasive pseudopodia in cholangiocarcinoma,the metastatic features of cholangiocarcinoma cells and their clinical significance,as well as the role of CTC in the metastatic process of cholangiocarcinoma,in order to summarize the existing research results,explore potential therapeutic targets and future research directions,and provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
