Comparison research on occupational exposure limits of nickle and its compounds between China and foreign countries
10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20240927-00445
- VernacularTitle:国内外工作场所镍及其化合物职业接触限值的对比研究
- Author:
Yang LU
1
;
Tuo LIU
;
Yuling ZHU
;
Wenjie LI
;
Qiuhong ZHU
Author Information
1. 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业卫生标准研究室，北京 100050
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Nickle;
Nickle compounds;
Occupational health standard;
Occupational exposure limit;
Comparison research
- From:
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
2025;43(5):357-364
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To study and compare the occupational exposure limits (OELs) of nickle and its compounds between China and foreign countries, providing scientific basis for the OEL revision of nickel and its compounds in China.Methods:From July to September 2024, Literature, OEL and related technical documents on nickel and its compounds were searched and sorted systematically at home and abroad, the main contents and technical points of OEL were extracted, and comparative analysis were conducted.Results:The earliest OELs of nickel and its compound introduced to China was maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of nickel carbonyl, and the current effective standard China was occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace-part 1: chemical hazardous agents (GBZ 2.1-2019), covering nickel and inorganic compounds and nickel carbonyl. The former was further divided into nickel metal and insoluble compounds, and soluble nickel compounds. Based solely on the OELs of nickel and its compounds, China was relatively lower compared to developed countries such as the United States. There were significant differences in the OEL of different types of nickel and its compounds among different countries, but the OELs in China and the United Kingdom (UK) Health and Safety Executive (HSE) were basically consistent. The European Union, the United States American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), South Africa etal classified nickel and its compounds into respirable and inhalable based on particle size. GBZ 2.1-2019 in China labeled nickel compounds and nickel carbonyl as G1 (carcinogenic to humans), while ACGIH and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States, HSE in the UK, Australia, South Africa also labeled one or several different types of nickel and its compounds as carcinogenic.Conclusion:Based on the OELs of nickel and its compounds, China is at a relatively loose level. It is suggested to explore the possibility of future revision, considering various adverse health effects. It is suggested to conduct basic research on fibrosis induced by nickel and its compounds, providing scientific basis for revising OELs.
