Role of different cell-derived exosomal miRNAs in progression,diagnosis,and prognosis of gastric cancer
- VernacularTitle:不同细胞来源外泌体miRNAs在胃癌进展及诊断和预后中的作用
- Author:
Lei WANG
1
;
Baiyan WANG
;
Chunguang ZHOU
;
Xiaoyun REN
;
Yueyou DAI
;
Shuying FENG
Author Information
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords: gastric cancer; tumor microenvironment; exosomal miRNAs; angiogenesis; immune response; autophagy; drug resistance; diagnosis and treatment; prognosis; biomarker
- From: Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(25):5434-5442
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
- Abstract: BACKGROUND:Tumor microenvironment can participate in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and promote chemotherapy resistance in various ways.Among them,the tumor microenvironment crosstalk mediated by exosomal miRNAs can induce matrix reprogramming,participate in tumor heterogeneity,and form a microenvironment conducive to tumor proliferation,migration,invasion,immune escape,and chemotherapy resistance.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of action of exosomal miRNAs in the microenvironment of gastric cancer and its application in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of gastric cancer in recent years.METHODS:"Exosomal miRNAs,gastric cancer,angiogenesis,apoptosis,proliferation,migration,autophagy,invasion,immune response,chemotherapy resistance,biomarker"for English search terms and"exosomal miRNAs,gastric cancer"for Chinese search terms were searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The search period was from 2017 to 2024.After preliminary screening by reading the title and abstract,the articles with poor correlation and repeated content were excluded,and 77 articles were finally included for induction and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exosomes,as important carriers of intercellular information exchange,can carry a variety of information substances such as miRNA,and realize intercellular signal transmission through three ways:activation of cell surface receptors on target cells,fusion with the plasma membrane of recipient cells,and endocytosis.(2)Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the proliferation,apoptosis,autophagy,angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis,immune response,and the formation of drug resistance of gastric cancer cells.(3)The interaction between miRNAs and target mRNA and its regulatory network are widely found in tumorigenesis and human cancer development.Different types of exosomal miRNAs have different effects on the regulation of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells,and the effects of different exosomal miRNAs on apoptosis related proteins and pathways of gastric cancer cells are screened.Rational use of its inducers or inhibitors can regulate the apoptosis level of gastric cancer cells.(4)Exosomal miRNAs of different cell origin play an important role in the establishment of tumor microenvironment,angiogenesis,immune response,and chemotherapy resistance by inducing M1-polarized macrophages to M2 type.(5)Exosomal miRNAs exist extensively and stably in blood and other body fluids,and their differential expression in patients with gastric cancer can be used as a basis for diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of patients with gastric cancer.Currently,exosomal miRNAs widely studied as biomarkers include miR-379-5p,miR-590-5p,miR-29s,miR-21,etc.Among them,the sensitivity and specificity of miR-590-5p are 63.7％and 86％,respectively.The expression level of miR-590-5p is closely related to the overall survival rate and the depth of invasion of gastric cancer patients.(6)The design of exosomal miRNAs mimics or inhibitors and their targeted delivery to the tumor site using nano-delivery vectors(such as exosomes and liposomes)to restore the normal level of miRNAs may be a new strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.(7)Although exosomal miRNAs have great application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer patients,there are still some problems to be solved.For example,the potential targets and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs have not been fully explored,and their effectiveness and safety need to be further confirmed.The extraction and purification of exosomes lack standardized large-scale preparation processes.
