Research progress of biomarkers in immune thrombocytopenia
10.3760/cma.j.cn114452-20250430-00274
- VernacularTitle:免疫性血小板减少症生物标志物研究进展
- Author:
Zhixin XU
1
;
Yongzhe LI
1
Author Information
1. 中国医学科学院北京协和医院检验科，北京 100730
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Purpura;
Thrombocytopenic;
Autoimmunity;
Biological markers;
Proteomics;
Genomics;
Metabolomics
- From:
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine
2025;48(11):1470-1477
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease characterized by an imbalance between immune-mediated platelet destruction and production. Its clinical management has long been confronted with core challenges such as insufficient diagnostic specificity, significant individual differences in treatment response, and difficulties in prognosis assessment. In recent years, researches have systematically revealed the multi-dimensional pathological mechanisms of this disease: in terms of immunology, autoantibodies mediate platelet clearance, and the imbalance of T cell subsets exacerbates the disorder of immune homeostasis. Proteomic techniques have identified plasma markers such as matrix metallopeptidase 9 and CXCL11. Genomic studies have revealed that miR-199a-5p, lncRNA MALAT1, etc., are involved in the pathogenesis by regulating the immune-thrombopoiesis axis. Metabolism research has shown features such as lipid metabolism disorders, abnormal tryptophan pathways in the bone marrow, and excessive T cell glycolysis. Although multi-omics techniques have promoted the progress of biomarker research, the clinical translation of biomarkers is still limited by high heterogeneity, insufficient validation, and lack of standardization. In the future, it is expected that through the integration of multi-omics data and the development of artificial intelligence algorithms, combined with single-cell technologies to analyze the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment, and multi-dimensional prediction models can be constructed to optimize precision diagnosis and treatment strategies.
