The clinical applications of anti-red blood cell autoantibodies
10.3760/cma.j.cn114452-20250519-00298
- VernacularTitle:抗红细胞自身抗体在临床中的应用
- Author:
Yaping FU
1
;
Xiaosong QIN
1
;
Lina WU
1
Author Information
1. 中国医科大学附属盛京医院检验科，沈阳 110000
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Anti-red blood cell autoantibodies;
Warm antibodies;
Cold antibodies;
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- From:
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine
2025;48(11):1382-1389
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Red blood cell (RBC) antibodies refer to antibodies targeting erythrocyte surface antigens, which can be classified by their origin and characteristics into autoantibodies (warm and cold antibodies), alloantibodies, drug-induced antibodies, and irregular antibodies. Among them, the autoantibody can induce and mediate the autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) which represents one of the most common acquired hemolytic disorders in clinical practice, characterized by accelerated RBC destruction and shortened erythrocyte lifespan. AIHA is primarily categorized into warm antibody type, cold antibody type, and mixed type based on its optimal reaction temperature.With advancements in immunology and molecular biology research, and clinical laboratory technologies, the clinical testing methods for autoantibodies have evolved from traditional agglutination tests to high-sensitivity techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), flow cytometry, and molecular diagnostics. These technological improvements have not only enhanced the detection rate of anti-RBC antibodies but also significantly expanded their clinical applications.This article provides a critical review of the clinical significance of warm and cold antibodies in AIHA, encompassing their detection methods, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic progress, aiming to serve as a reference for both clinicians and laboratory physicians.
