Research progress on treatment methods for inverted nipples

VernacularTitle:乳头内陷治疗方法研究进展
Author: Chenye DONG ¹ ; Shengzhi MU ; Gaoping QIN
Author Information

1. 西安医学院，西安　710068
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Inverted nipple; Treatment methods; Correction; Treatment progress
From: Chinese Journal of Plastic Surgery 2025;41(5):552-556
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Inverted nipple is a common type of breast deformity in women, which not only affects appearance and function, but may also seriously damage the physical and mental health of female patients. The reports on its prevalence vary, roughly ranging from 3.0% to 23.0%. Currently, conservative treatment or minimally invasive surgery are feasible options for mild patients. However, moderate to severe patients usually require surgical correction. Given that surgery may cause loss of breastfeeding function and sensory ability, in recent years, many scholars have been committed to improving existing technologies or proposing innovative method . These method tailor treatment plans for patients based on factors such as the severity of their condition, age, and the need for breastfeeding, thereby achieving significant therapeutic effects. This article reviews the general situation of the field at home and abroad over the past 40 years and the common treatment method and progress of inverted nipples.