Role of exosomal miRNA in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its molecular mechanism
10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251015-00405
- VernacularTitle:外泌体miRNA在口腔鳞状细胞癌进展中的作用及其分子机制
- Author:
Chenxi LI
1
;
Ningbo ZHENG
;
Chenggang WANG
;
Zhongcheng GONG
Author Information
1. 新疆医科大学第一附属医院（附属口腔医院）口腔颌面肿瘤外科 新疆维吾尔自治区口腔医学研究所，乌鲁木齐 830054
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Carcinoma, squamous cell;
Tumor microenvironment;
Extracellular vesicles;
Exosomes
- From:
Chinese Journal of Stomatology
2025;60(12):1428-1435
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Oral cancer, as one kind of mucosal epithelial tumor, constitutes approximately 2% of all cancers, while the most common type, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents around 90% histopathology of oral cancers. Although the treatment of OSCC has been improved in recent 20 years, its 5-year survival rate has not raised significantly. The crux to improve the survival rate and prognosis of OSCC patients lies in the early diagnosis and intervention of this disease. Hence, exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSCC is therefore an urgent priority. Exosomes, the small membrane vesicles originated from endosomes, have been detected in a wide array of bodily fluids. Exosomes have biological properties of derived cells based on containing a diversity of proteins, lipids, DNA fragments, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piRNAs, circular RNAs, tsRNAs, and ribosomal RNAs, which are delivered to neighboring cells or even transported to distant sites. They participate in cellular communication as well as play an important role in many diseases and immune response. Exosomes have been associated with the tumorigenesis of OSCC, promoting the proliferation, colonization, and metastasis of OSCC by transferring their cargos to the target cells. Furthermore, exosomes participate in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment to affect cancer progression in vivo. In this review, we summarize the crucial role of exosomes in the tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC and discuss the potential clinical application of exosomes in OSCC treatment.
