Research progress on the relationship between HBV DNA load and immunotherapy for HCC

VernacularTitle:HBV DNA载量与HCC免疫治疗相互关系的研究进展
Author: Jianguo MA ¹ ; Renjie XIA ; Xiaoyu DU ; Xiongxiong HAN ; Liangbin MA ; Yong WANG ; Long YAN
Author Information

1. 解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院肝胆外科，兰州　730050
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Immunotherapy; Immune checkpoint inhibitors
From: Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery 2025;31(10):784-788
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Immunotherapy has become a pivotal treatment regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its efficacy is influenced by various factors. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the primary etiological factors leading to HCC. HBV DNA replication can alter the immune microenvironment through multiple mechanisms, notably by upregulating the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), thereby facilitating tumor immune escape. Paradoxically, this upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 may enhance the response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and potentiate the antitumor effect. This review aims to summarize current research progress on the relationship between HBV DNA load and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, explore the underlying mechanisms, and provide a scientific basis for promoting personalized treatment strategies for patients with HBV-related HCC.