Research progress of biomaterial-mediated brain-computer interfaces in neural rehabilitation
10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2026.20251584
- VernacularTitle:生物材料介导的脑机接口在神经康复中的研究进展
- Author:
Xiangxiang YU
1
;
Jie SHI
1
;
Yucheng CHEN
2
;
Lifeng CHENG
1
;
Liangcan HE
1
;
Kai LI
1
Author Information
1. Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China;School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Advanced Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China.
2. Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
- Publication Type:Monographicreport:Technologicalbreakthroughandclinicalapplicationofbrain-computerinterface
- Keywords:
brain-computer interface;
biomaterial;
neural rehabilitation;
bionic electrode;
encapsulated electrode;
immune microenvironment
- From:
Chinese Journal of Clinical Medicine
2026;33(2):213-220
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Neurological disorders such as post-stroke hemiplegia, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson disease represent a major global health burden. Brain-computer interface (BCI), which creates direct communication pathways between the nervous system and external devices, offers a promising strategy for functional restoration. The long-term efficacy of such BCI fundamentally depends on the performance of biomaterials at the neural interface. Ideal materials must concurrently satisfy biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, enduring chemical stability, and mechanical compatibility with brain tissue. This review systematically outlines the application of conductive polymers, inorganic nanomaterials, natural biomaterials, and composites in BCI, with a focus on how advanced designs, such as bionic and encapsulated electrodes, improve signal fidelity and surgical feasibility through structural innovation. It further summarizes key material-modification techniques and analyzes the complex foreign-body response orchestrated by microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. Finally, it provides insights into future research directions and clinical translation of BCI-based neurorehabilitation, while highlighting critical challenges including long-term biosafety and the establishment of standardized evaluation frameworks, aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory innovation and effective clinical deployment.
