Hygiene status of public items in typical public places in Shanghai from 2010 to 2024

Fengchan HAN; Shaofeng SUI; Yewen SHI; Ling TONG; Mingjing XU; Xianliang WANG; Tian CHEN

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Hygiene status of public items in typical public places in Shanghai from 2010 to 2024

VernacularTitle:上海市2010—2024年典型公共场所公共用品用具卫生状况
Author: Fengchan HAN ¹ ; Shaofeng SUI ¹ ; Yewen SHI ¹ ; Ling TONG ¹ ; Mingjing XU ¹ ; Xianliang WANG ² ; Tian CHEN ¹
Author Information

1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants/Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China.
2. China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
Publication Type:Investigation
Keywords: public place; public supply; microorganism; cotton textile goods; hygienic evaluation; influencing factor
From: Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine 2026;43(3):311-316
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Background Public places are important areas for daily human activities. Frequent contact with public items promotes their role as vehicles for microbial spread, creating a substantial risk for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. Objective To understand the hygiene status and influencing factors of public items in typical public places in Shanghai from 2010 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the hygiene management of public items. Methods Based on the monitoring data of public items in public places in Shanghai from 2010 to 2024, the hygiene status was evaluated in three stages: 2010–2019, 2020–2022, and 2023–2024. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the impact of factors such as monitoring stages, public place types, and public item categories on the hygiene status. Results The public items in 13807 public places were monitored. A total of 1 022 bed sheets and 9 271 towels were tested for pH value, with qualified rates of 77.66% and 87.81%, respectively. The OR (95%CI) for the pH compliance of towels relative to bed sheets was 1.77 (1.45, 2.15). Compared with bathing places, the ORs for pH compliance of towels in hair salons and beauty salons were 2.24 (1.75, 2.87) and 2.15 (1.57, 2.95), respectively. Additionally, a total of 221 650 samples from various public items were tested for microorganisms, yielding 215554 qualified samples, with an average qualified rate of 97.25%. The qualified rates for total bacterial count, total fungal count, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus were 92.66%, 94.63%, 98.85%, and 99.84%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to the 2016–2019 baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed in the qualified rates of total fungal count across different stages; however, significantly higher qualified rates for total bacterial count, total fungal count, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus were recorded during 2020–2022, with ORs (95%CI) of 1.27 (1.16, 1.38), 23.20 (8.42, 63.94), and 12.08 (1.63, 89.92), respectively. Conclusion The pH compliance ranks among the top tier nationwide for cotton textile goods in Shanghai, suggesting minimal detergent retention. Furthermore, continuous improvement in cleaning and disinfection measurements has markedly enhanced the microbial hygiene of public items in public places.