Effect of different surface treatments on the surface properties and immediate shear bond strength of 3D-printed zirconia
10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202550566
- Author:
CHEN Jing
1
;
YAN Zhiqi
1
;
LI Jiale
1
;
WANG Fu
1
Author Information
1. National Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
additive manufacturing zirconia;
surface treatment;
micropore structure design;
surface topogra⁃phy;
roughness;
contact angle;
shear bond strength;
mechanical interlocking;
chemical bonding
- From:
Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases
2026;34(4):328-337
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the effect of different surface treatment protocols on the surface properties and immediate shear bond strength (SBS) between 3D-printed zirconia and resin cement to provide a reference for clinical practice.
Methods:Disc-shaped zirconia specimens (Ø 14 mm× 1.2 mm) with two different surface designs were fabricated using 3D printing technology: a smooth surface (Group S) and microporous surface (Group M), with 40 specimens in each group. Each group was further randomly divided into four subgroups according to surface treatment: untreated (Subgroup U), alumina sandblasting (Subgroup ST), alumina sandblasting + Z-Prime ceramic primer (Subgroup ZP), and alumina sandblasting + Monobond N ceramic primer (Subgroup MN). The surface morphology was examined, roughness was measured, and wettability was evaluated via contact-angle testing. Composite resin cylinders (Ø 3.5 mm× 2.0 mm) were bonded to the zirconia surfaces with resin cement. Immediate SBS was determined by shear testing, and failure modes were analyzed.
Results:Scanning electron microscopy revealed clear micro-grooves (2-5 μm wide) in Subgroup S-U and micropores (approximately 400 μm in diameter) in Subgroup M-U. After sandblasting, the micro-grooves in Subgroup S-ST were partially destroyed with some micro-cracks, while the microporous structure in Subgroup M-ST remained clear. Compared with Subgroups S-U and M-U, sandblasted zirconia specimens (Subgroups S-ST, S-ZP, S-MN, M-ST, M-ZP, M-MN) showed significantly increased roughness and decreased contact angles. Different surface treatments significantly affected SBS between 3D-printed zirconia and resin. Sandblasted groups (Subgroups S-ST and M-ST) had significantly higher SBS than untreated groups (Subgroups S-U and M-U). The application of ceramic primers after sandblasting (Subgroups S-ZP, S-MN, M-ZP, M-MN) further increased SBS; however, there was no statistically significant difference in SBS between the two primers used after sandblasting (Subgroup S-ZP vs. S-MN, Subgroup M-ZP vs. M-MN). Under the same surface treatment, microporous surface groups (Subgroups M-U, M-ST, M-MN, M-ZP) all exhibited significantly higher SBS than smooth surface groups (Subgroups S-U, S-ST, S-MN, S-ZP).
Conclusion:Fabricating a microporous surface using 3D printing technology can improve resin bonding effectiveness. Sandblasting combined with a ceramic primer yields the highest immediate SBS.
- Full text:2026041611381643760不同表面处理对3D打印氧化锆表面性状及即刻剪切粘接强度的影响.pdf
