Association between random urine electrolytes and hypertension in children and adolescents
10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026092
- VernacularTitle:儿童青少年随机尿电解质与高血压的关系
- Author:
NA Xiaona, YUAN Shuanggui, AN Xizhou, ZHU Dahong, CHEN Lijing, LI Tao, CHEN Lanling,〖JZ〗 CHEN Jingyu, WANG Yuwei, LIANG Xiaohua
1
Author Information
1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Childrens Research Institute, Childrens Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents Health and Diseases/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing 400014, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Urine;
Electrolytes;
Hypertension;
Regression analysis;
Child;
Adolescent
- From:
Chinese Journal of School Health
2026;47(3):314-318
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To systematically evaluate the association between random urinary electrolyte levels and hypertension among children and adolescents in Guizhou Province, so as to provide evidence for region specific dietary guidance and interventions.
Methods:In 2023, a total of 2 480 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years were recruited from a nine-year coherent style school in Guizhou Province in a children health cohort, with follow ups conducted in 2024 and 2025. Random urine samples were collected to measure urinary sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, and the urinary sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K) was calculated. The diagnosis of hypertension was based on the criteria established by the Chinese Guidelines for Hypertension Prevention and Treatment (2024 revised edition) and relevant research. Linear mixed models and multinomial Logistic regression were used to assess the associations of urinary electrolytes with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the risk of hypertension.
Results:At baseline, SBP, DBP, and MAP were 102.33 (94.33, 110.33), 61.33 (56.33, 67.00) and 75.22 (69.67, 81.33)mmHg among children and adolescents, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders and two follow-ups, higher urinary Na/K ratio was positively associated with higher of SBP ( β=0.054, 95%CI =0.028- 0.081 ) and MAP ( β=0.038, 95%CI =0.010-0.066), as well as higher risks of hypertension ( OR=1.248, 95%CI =1.006-1.548) (all P <0.05). Higher of urinary chloride levels were positively associated with higher of SBP ( β=0.088, 95%CI = 0.009- 0.167), whereas higher of urinary potassium (SBP: β=-0.062, 95%CI =-0.096 to -0.028; MAP: β=-0.041, 95%CI = -0.078 to -0.005) and calcium levels (SBP: β=-0.036, 95%CI =-0.065 to -0.007) were negatively associated with blood pressure (all P < 0.05 ).
Conclusion:The urinary Na/K, as a comprehensive electrolyte marker, more stably reflects sodium load and excretory pressure in children and adolescents, and may serve as an early predictor of hypertension risk.
