Phenotypic distribution and population genetic frequency analysis of ABO and Rh blood group antigens among voluntary blood donors in Yantai
10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2026.01.010
- VernacularTitle:烟台地区献血者ABO与Rh血型抗原表型分布及群体遗传频率研究
- Author:
Hewei SONG
1
;
Xiaojun ZHANG
1
;
Qun XU
2
;
Xiangzhong LIU
3
;
Nan GUO
1
;
Di SUN
1
Author Information
1. Yantai Central Blood Station, Yantai 264003, China
2. Shandong Blood Center, Jinan 250014, China
3. Qishan Hospital of Yantai, Yantai 264003, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
ABO blood group;
Rh blood group;
antigen phenotype;
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium;
blood donors
- From:
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion
2026;39(1):69-75
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of ABO and Rh blood group antigen phenotypes among blood donors in the Yantai, Shandong. Methods: Blood samples from 310 180 voluntary blood donors in Yantai collected from January 2019 to December 2023 were tested for ABO and Rh blood group antigens using standard serological methods. RhD-negative samples were further typed for C, c, E, and e antigens. Population genetic analysis of blood groups was performed: allele frequencies were inferred from ABO phenotypes, and Rh allele/haplotype frequencies were estimated based on the proportion of RhD-negative donors and CcEe antigen typing, followed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing. Results: The phenotypic distribution frequency of ABO blood groups was B(32.72%)>O(28.93%)>A(27.65%)>AB(10.70%). The inferred allele frequencies were r(53.74%)>q(24.78%)>p(21.48%), consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). A total of 1 872 Rh-negative donors (0.603%) were identified. The most common Rh phenotypes were ccdee (59.56%) and Ccdee (30.18%). The distribution of Rh antigen phenotypes deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ
=37.15, P<0.001), with the cde haplotype showing the highest frequency. There was no statistically significant difference in ABO blood group distribution between RhD-positive and RhD-negative donors (P>0.05). Conclusion: The ABO blood group distribution among voluntary blood donors in Yantai is generally stable and consistent with population genetic equilibrium, whereas the Rh antigen phenotype distribution deviates from equilibrium, indicating potential underlying genetic structural differences.
