Analysis of the prevalence of common pathogens in first-time patients with respiratory symptoms and the efficacy of different methods for detecting pathogens
10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2025.07.002
- VernacularTitle:以呼吸道症状首次就诊者常见病原体流行情况及不同方法检测病原体的效能分析
- Author:
Yang YU
1
;
Feng LIN
;
Lei ZHANG
;
Zhuomin LI
;
Xinyu WANG
;
Yanguo TAN
Author Information
1. 首都医科大学附属复兴医院检验科,北京 100038
- Keywords:
respiratory pathogens;
detection rate;
nucleic acid detection;
antigen detection;
anti-body detection
- From:
International Journal of Laboratory Medicine
2025;46(7):773-779
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective To explore the prevalence of 9 respiratory pathogens from March 2023 to February 2024,as well as the detection efficiency of various methods for pathogens.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the detection of 9 pathogens in 38 948 patients who first presented with respiratory symp-toms from March 2023 to February 2024,as well as the detection efficacy of nucleic acid,antigen,antibody and other methods.Results Firstly,among 38 948 patients,a total of 8 345 cases(21.43%)were detected with at least one pathogen,of which 8 158 cases(20.95%)were detected with only one pathogen,and 187 cases(2.29%,187/8 158)were detected with two or more pathogens.The top three detection rates were SARS-CoV-2(20.37%),mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP,15.58%)and influenza A virus(IVA,10.79%).Secondly,among patients who detected at least one of the nine pathogens,the detection rate was 24.94%in autumn,21.45%in spring,18.54%in summer,and 19.22%in winter,and the difference in detection rates between the four seasons was statistically significant(P<0.001).Thirdly,except for the relatively high detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in spring(51.24%)and summer(37.31%),and the highest detection rate of IVB in winter(11.28%),the detection rates of other pathogens were highest in autumn.Fourthly,there was a statistically significant difference in the total detection rates among the children group(31.83%),the youth group(12.48%),the middle-aged group(10.70%),and the elderly group(12.43%)(P<0.001).The detection rates of 7 pathogens,including MP,IVA,Influenza B virus(IVB),syncytial virus,CP,adenovirus,and parain-fluenza virus type 1,were highest in children,and there was a statistically significant difference in comparison between different age groups(P<0.05).The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the children group(3.45%)was lower than that in other age groups(30.90%,29.09%,32.16%,P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in HPIV-3 between different age groups(P=0.478).Fifthly,there was no significant difference in overall detection rate between male and female(P>0.05).However,the detection rates of MP and CP in female were higher than those in male(P<0.05),while IVA in male was slightly higher than that in female(P=0.014).There were no significant differences in the detection rate of other 6 pathogens between female and male(P>0.05).Sixthly,the detection rate of MP antigen was lower than that of MP nucleic acid detection(P<0.001),and the detection rate of MP antibody detection was lower than that of MP nucleic acid detection(P<0.001).The detection rate of MP antibody detection increased significantly with the extension of time from initial symptoms to medical treatment(P<0.001).Seventhly,the detection rates of antigen of IVA,IVB,RSV and ADV were significantly lower than those of the corresponding nucleic acid(P<0.001),and the detection rates of nucleic acid testing for 4 kinds of pathogen was about 5 times that of the correspond-ing antigen testing(4.75-6.25 times).And the consistency of the detection rate between antigen detection and nucleic acid detection was poor(Kappa=0.046-0.239).Conclusion The prevalence of common respir-atory pathogens from March 2023 to February 2024 exhibits certain characteristics.Moreover,the detection ef-ficiency of different methods for pathogens varies greatly,and appropriate detection methods should be select-ed based on a thorough understanding of their performance.
