Molecular Mechanisms and Toxic Effects of Ketamine
10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.341002
- VernacularTitle:氯胺酮的分子生物学机制及毒性效应
- Author:
Yu-Meng ZUO
1
;
Wei HAN
;
Jian-Bo ZHANG
;
Tao LI
Author Information
1. 西安交通大学法医学院,陕西 西安 710061;西安交通大学生物证据研究院 法医损伤研究所,陕西 西安 710061;西安交通大学卫健委重点实验室,陕西 西安 710061
- Keywords:
forensic pathology;
forensic toxicology;
ketamine;
molecular mechanism;
toxic effect;
review
- From:
Journal of Forensic Medicine
2025;41(2):127-135
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic.It is clinically used as a surgical anesthetic or anes-thetic inducer and has a certain degree of mental dependence.Its abuse can lead to nerve damage,ad-verse emotional reactions and other toxic side effects.The primary mechanism by which ketamine exerts its pharmacological effects is to block N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDAR).It also functions through pathways such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azolepropionic acid receptors(AMPAR),opioid receptors,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors,monoaminergic receptors,cholinergic recep-tors,hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channels,voltage-gated sodium channels,and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels(VDCC).This article summarizes the molecular mecha-nism and toxic effects of ketamine's pharmacological functions,in order to provide a basis for foren-sic applications such as the identification of symptomatic phenotypes of ketamine toxic effects and the identification of ketamine abuse.
