Efficacy observation of combination therapy containing venetoclax for t(11; 14) plasma cell disorders
10.3760/cma.j.cn115356-20240622-00094
- VernacularTitle:含维奈克拉联合方案治疗伴t（11；14）浆细胞疾病效果观察
- Author:
Yuntong LIU
1
;
Jingyu XU
;
Lingna LI
;
Lugui QIU
;
Gang AN
Author Information
1. 中国医学科学院血液病医院（中国医学科学院血液学研究所） 血液与健康全国重点实验室 国家血液系统疾病临床医学研究中心 细胞生态海河实验室，天津 300020
- Keywords:
Multiple myeloma;
Leukemia, plasma cell;
Venetoclax;
Prognosis
- From:
Journal of Leukemia & Lymphoma
2024;33(12):712-718
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of combination therapy containing venetoclax in the treatment of t(11; 14) plasma cell disorders.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of plasma cell disorders patients with t(11; 14) treated with combination therapy containing venetoclax in Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2020 to September 2023 were collected. The general data included baseline clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, treatment responses, survival, and adverse events. The duration of orally administered venetoclax-based treatment regimen was 28 d, and the dose of venetoclax was appropriately adjusted according to the tumor burden and general conditions of patients. Patients were grouped according to drug dosage and treatment regimen. The overall survival (OS) analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used for comparison among groups.Results:Among the 14 plasma cell disorders patients with t(11;14), 13 had multiple myeloma (MM) and 1 had primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL). The median time [ M ( Q1, Q3)] from initial diagnosis to venetoclax treatment was 21 months (8 months, 39 months). The median number of therapy lines was 2 (1, 4); 7 patients had drug resistance to both proteasome inhibitors (PI) and immunomodulators (IMiD), and 5 patients had drug resistance to PI, IMiD and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies; 2 patients died after 1 uncompleted course of treatment and they were not enrolled into efficacy evaluation and survival analysis. Among the 11 MM patients evaluable for treatment response, 6 achieved at least partial remission (PR). Of the 4 patients who received the first-line or second-line therapy containing venetoclax, 2 achieved strict complete remission (sCR), 1 achieved very good partial remission (VGPR), and 1 achieved PR. The median course number of therapy lines with venetoclax was 2 (2, 6), and the median acting time was 1.1 months (0.75 months, 1.75 months). Until the last follow-up in May 2024, the median duration of remission of 11 MM patients was 3.3 months (95% CI: 0-7.1 months), and the median OS time was 22.7 months (95% CI: 0-52.5 months). The median OS time was 9.6 months, 31.2 months, respectively in venetoclax combined with PI group (6 cases) and venetoclax combined with daratumumab (Dara) group (4 cases), and the difference in OS between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.093); the median duration of remission was 1.7 months and 9.8 months, respectively in venetoclax combined with PI group and venetoclax combined with Dara group, and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P = 0.025). The median OS time in high-dose group (maximum dose of venetoclax ≥300 mg, 6 cases) and low-dose group (maximum dose of venetoclax < 300 mg, 5 cases) was 31.2 and 7.5 months, respectively, and the difference in OS was statistically significant ( P = 0.013). The median duration of remission was 9.8 months, 1.6 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.048). Grade ≥3 adverse events of 11 MM patients included neutropenia, lymphopenia, infection, thrombocytopenia, and hypokalemia; 6 patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events, 2 patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, and no treatment-related deaths occurred. The pPCL patient received 5 courses of treatment with venetoclax plus DECP (cisplatinum + etoposide + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone) induction therapy followed by chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and then continued venetoclax maintenance, achieving sCR with the duration remission of 18.7 months. During induction, the patient experienced grade 3 neutropenia and infection. Conclusions:The combination therapy containing venetoclax is safe and manageable in MM patients with t(11; 14) and pPCL. The patients receiving early, regular, and adequate-dose treatment with venetoclax have better therapeutic efficacy.
