Pathogenesis and Syndrome Differentiation of "Gaozhuo" of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease
10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20251211
- VernacularTitle:糖尿病肾病氧化应激的“膏浊”病机与证治探讨
- Author:
Yuman YIN
1
;
Yunfeng YU
1
;
Xiangning HUANG
1
;
Jiawang HUANG
1
;
Gang HU
1
;
Juan HUANG
1
;
Rong YU
1
Author Information
1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Hunan University of Chinese Medicine， Changsha 410208， China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
diabetic kidney disease;
oxidative stress;
Gaozhuo;
traditional Chinese medicine
- From:
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
2026;32(2):226-234
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）， and it plays an essential role in the prevention and treatment of DKD. The "Gaozhuo" pathogenesis posits that DKD is characterized by the invasion of Gaozhuo and damage to the kidney collaterals， with the underlying cause being the insufficiency of spleen Qi and the internal formation of Gaozhuo， which provides valuable guidance on oxidative stress. The insufficiency of spleen Qi and the internal formation of Gaozhuo represent a dynamic， evolving process. Gaozhuo invades the kidney collaterals， impairs kidney Qi， and progressively leads to the congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood， ultimately resulting in the failure of both the spleen and kidneys. The damage caused by Gaozhuo to the kidney collaterals and kidney Qi is analogous to the organ and functional damage of the kidneys induced by excessive reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Damage to the kidney collaterals means organic injuries to the glomeruli， renal tubules， and renal interstitium， and the depletion of kidney Qi refers to damage to glomerular filtration and renal tubular reabsorption. The congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood in the kidney collaterals is similar to oxidative stress-induced thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fibrosis. The interaction between spleen and kidney Qi deficiency and the congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood creates a vicious cycle that exacerbates the condition， ultimately evolving into the failure of both the spleen and kidneys. The failure of the spleen and kidneys is analogous to renal failure， and its extreme manifestation is end-stage renal disease and uremia. The treatment of oxidative stress in DKD with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is based on the principles of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys， and dispelling turbidity and removing blood stasis. According to the syndrome type， it is recommended to use methods such as strengthening the spleen and tonifying Qi while dispelling dampness and removing turbidity， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys while dispelling dampness and removing turbidity， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys while dispelling turbidity and removing blood stasis， or consolidating the spleen and kidneys while clearing away turbidity and blood stasis.
