Multi-omics reveals the inhibition mechanism of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> DJ1 against <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>.

Meng SUN; Lu ZHOU; Yutong LIU; Wei JIANG; Gengxuan YAN; Wenjing DUAN; Ting SU; Chunyan LIU; Shumei ZHANG

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Multi-omics reveals the inhibition mechanism of Bacillus velezensis DJ1 against Fusarium graminearum.

Author: Meng SUN ¹ ; Lu ZHOU ¹ ; Yutong LIU ² ; Wei JIANG ¹ ; Gengxuan YAN ¹ ; Wenjing DUAN ¹ ; Ting SU ³ ; Chunyan LIU ³ ; Shumei ZHANG ¹
Author Information

1. Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang, China.
2. Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College, Harbin 150088, Heilongjiang, China.
3. Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Bacillus velezensis; biocontrol; genomics; transcriptomics
MeSH: Fusarium/drug effects*; Bacillus/metabolism*; Plant Diseases/prevention & control*; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Genomics; Zea mays/microbiology*; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Profiling; Antibiosis; Multigene Family; Multiomics
From: Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2025;41(10):3719-3733
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Bacillus velezensis DJ1 exhibits broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against diverse phytopathogenic fungi, while its biocontrol mechanisms against Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of maize stalk rot, remain poorly characterized. In this study, we integrated genomics and transcriptomics to elucidate the antifungal mechanisms of strain DJ1. The results demonstrated that DJ1 inhibited F. graminearum with the efficacy of 64.4%, while its polyketide crude extract achieved the control efficacy of 55% in pot experiments against this disease. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a single circular chromosome (3 929 792 bp, GC content of 47%) harboring 12 biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, six of which encoded known antimicrobial compounds (macrolactin H, bacillaene, difficidin, surfactin, fengycin, and bacilysin). Transcriptomic analysis identified 243 differentially expressed genes (152 upregulated and 91 downregulated, P < 0.05), which were potentially associated with the antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted activation (P < 0.05) of cysteine/methionine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and polyketide biosynthesis pathways, indicating that DJ1 employed synergistic strategies involving antimicrobial compound synthesis, energy metabolism enhancement, and nutrient competition to suppress pathogens. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing novel microbial resources and application technologies to combat phytopathogenic fungi.