Research progress and application of nanobodies.

Xinying DONG; Xiaowei GAO; Hao SONG; Huaji QIU; Yuzi LUO

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Research progress and application of nanobodies.

Author: Xinying DONG ¹ ; Xiaowei GAO ¹ ; Hao SONG ¹ ; Huaji QIU ¹ ; Yuzi LUO ¹
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1. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang, China.
Publication Type:English Abstract
Keywords: affinity maturation; diagnosis of infectious disease; immunotherapy; nanobodies
MeSH: Single-Domain Antibodies/chemistry*; Animals; Humans; Camelidae/immunology*
From: Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2024;40(12):4324-4338
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Nanobodies (Nbs), the unique single-domain antibodies discovered in the species of Camelidae and sharks, are also known as the variable domain of the heavy chain of heavy-chain antibody (VHH). They offer strong antigen targeting and binding capabilities and overcome the drawbacks such as large size, low stability, high immunogenicity, and slow clearance of conventional antibodies. Nbs can be boosted by bioconjugation with toxins, enzymes, radioactive nucleotides, fluorophores, and other functional groups, demonstrating potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of human and animal diseases. This article introduces the structures and characteristics of Nbs, the construction and screening of Nb libraries, and the strategies for affinity maturation and then reviews the current applications of Nbs in diagnosis and treatment, providing a reference for the development of diagnostic reagents and clinical therapies for infectious diseases.