Overweight Modified the Associations between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Its Constituent and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Rural China.

Dong Hui YANG; Yun CHEN; Xia MENG; Xiao Lian DONG; Hai Dong KAN; Chao Wei FU

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Overweight Modified the Associations between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Its Constituent and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Rural China.

Author: Dong Hui YANG ¹ ; Yun CHEN ² ; Xia MENG ¹ ; Xiao Lian DONG ³ ; Hai Dong KAN ¹ ; Chao Wei FU ¹
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1. School of Public Health; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
2. Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT 06477, United States.
3. Deqing County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Cohort study; Constituents; Overweight; PM2.5; T2DM
MeSH: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced*; China/epidemiology*; Particulate Matter/analysis*; Overweight/epidemiology*; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Air Pollutants/analysis*; Adult; Prospective Studies; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects*; Aged; Risk Factors
From: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2025;38(11):1359-1368
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM _2.5) and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to examine the modification roles of overweight status.
METHODS:This prospective study included 27,507 adults living in rural China. The annual mean residential exposure to PM _2.5 and its constituents was estimated using a satellite-based statistical model. Cox models were used to estimate the risk of T2DM associated with PM _2.5 and its constituents. Stratified analysis quantified the role of overweight status in the association between PM _2.5 constituents and T2DM.
RESULTS:Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 3,001 new T2DM cases were identified. The hazard ratio ( HR) for a 10 μg/m ³ increase in ambient PM _2.5 was 1.30 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.17, 1.45). Among the constituents, the strongest association was observed with black carbon. Being overweight significantly modified the association between certain constituents and the risk of T2DM. Participants who were overweight and exposed to the highest quartile of PM _2.5 constituents had the highest risk of T2DM ( HR: 2.46, 95% CI: 2.04, 2.97).
CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that PM _2.5 was associated with an increased risk of T2DM, with black carbon potentially being the primary contributor. Being overweight appeared to enhance the association between PM _2.5 and T2DM. This suggests that controlling both PM _2.5 exposure and overweight status may reduce the burden of T2DM.