High Diversity in Genotypes of Human Rhinovirus Contributes to High Prevalence in Beijing, 2018-2022: A Retrospective Multiple-Center Epidemiological Study.

Qing WANG; Qi HUANG; Qin LUO; Xiaofeng WEI; Xue WANG; Maozhong LI; Cheng GONG; Fang HUANG

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High Diversity in Genotypes of Human Rhinovirus Contributes to High Prevalence in Beijing, 2018-2022: A Retrospective Multiple-Center Epidemiological Study.

Author: Qing WANG ¹ ; Qi HUANG ¹ ; Qin LUO ² ; Xiaofeng WEI ¹ ; Xue WANG ³ ; Maozhong LI ³ ; Cheng GONG ³ ; Fang HUANG ¹
Author Information

1. College of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
2. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100032, China.
3. Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Publication Type:Multicenter Study
Keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia; Epidemical characteristics; Genotype; Human rhinovirus; Respiratory infection
MeSH: Humans; Rhinovirus/classification*; Beijing/epidemiology*; Child; Child, Preschool; Adult; Genotype; Male; Adolescent; Picornaviridae Infections/virology*; Female; Middle Aged; Infant; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; Prevalence; Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*; Phylogeny; Genetic Variation
From: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024;37(11):1262-1272
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively examine the molecular epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in Beijing.
METHODS:A total of 7,151 children and adults with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) were recruited from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing between 2018 and 2022. Their respiratory samples were obtained, and epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nucleic acid testing for 11 respiratory pathogens, including HRV, was performed on the specimens. We sequenced VP4/VP2 or 5'UTR of HRV isolates to identify their genotypes using phylogenetic analyses.
RESULTS:HRV was detected in 462 (6.5%) cases. A total of 105 HRV genotypes were successfully identified in 359 (77.7%) specimens, comprising 247 (68.8%) with HRV-A, 42 (11.7%) with HRV-B, and 70 (19.5%) with HRV-C. No predominant genotype was observed. HRV was prevalent year-round with two weak peaks in spring and autumn. HRV detection declined gradually between 2018 and 2022, with seven genotypes disappearing and five genotypes emerging. HRV detection rate decreased by age without resurge among old people. HRV-C was more common among children aged less than 5 years with severe community-acquired pneumonia compared to HRV-A and HRV-B. Adults infected with HRV-B had higher rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and complications than those infected with HRV-A and HRV-C.
CONCLUSION:HRV epidemics in Beijing were highly dispersed in genotypes, which probably resulted in a high prevalence of HRV infection, attenuated its seasonality, and made it more difficult to establish effective population immunity.