Novel hormone therapies for advanced prostate cancer: Understanding and countering drug resistance.
10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101232
- Author:
Zhipeng WANG
1
;
Jie WANG
2
;
Dengxiong LI
2
;
Ruicheng WU
2
;
Jianlin HUANG
1
;
Luxia YE
3
;
Zhouting TUO
4
;
Qingxin YU
5
;
Fanglin SHAO
6
;
Dilinaer WUSIMAN
7
;
William C CHO
8
;
Siang Boon KOH
9
;
Wei XIONG
1
;
Dechao FENG
10
Author Information
1. Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
2. Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
3. Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317000, China.
4. Department of Urological Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
5. Department of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
6. Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Zhejiang, 646000, China.
7. Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
8. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
9. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
10. Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Advanced prostate cancer;
Androgen receptor;
Drug resistance;
Novel hormone therapies
- From:
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
2025;15(9):101232-101232
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among men, ranking first in incidence and second in mortality globally. Novel hormone therapies (NHT) targeting the androgen receptor (AR) pathway have become the standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer. This review offers a comprehensive overview of NHT, including abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, and rezvilutamide, which have demonstrated efficacy in delaying disease progression and improving patient survival and quality of life. Nevertheless, resistance to NHT remains a critical challenge. The mechanisms underlying resistance are complex, involving AR gene amplification, mutations, splice variants, increased intratumoral androgens, and AR-independent pathways such as the glucocorticoid receptor, neuroendocrine differentiation, DNA repair defects, autophagy, immune evasion, and activation of alternative signaling pathways. This review discusses these resistance mechanisms and examines strategies to counteract them, including sequential treatment with novel AR-targeted drugs, chemotherapy, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, radionuclide therapy, bipolar androgen therapy, and approaches targeting specific resistance pathways. Future research should prioritize elucidating the molecular basis of NHT resistance, optimizing existing therapeutic strategies, and developing more effective combination regimens. Additionally, advanced sequencing technologies and resistance research models should be leveraged to identify novel therapeutic targets and improve drug delivery efficiencies. These advancements hold the potential to overcome NHT resistance and significantly enhance the management and prognosis of patients with advanced prostate cancer.
