Urease-powered micro/nanomotors: Current progress and challenges.
10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101095
- Author:
Wen-Wen LI
1
;
Zi-Li YU
1
;
Jun JIA
1
Author Information
1. State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Biomedicine;
Drug delivery;
Imaging;
Micro/nanomotor;
Urease
- From:
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
2025;15(3):101095-101095
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors (MNMs) (EMNMs) use natural enzymes to facilitate the decomposition of fuels, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glucose, triglycerides, and urea to provide power. EMNMs can achieve self-propulsion through the in situ utilization of biofuels without additional fuels, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and significant potential for application in the biomedical field. Compared with H2O2, which may cause oxidative damage to the body, urea exhibits superior biosafety characteristics. Presently, urease-powered MNMs (UMNMs) have made notable progress in their applications in the biomedical field and have garnered considerable attention from researchers. In this review, we present the latest advancements in the biomedical field of UMNMs, primarily focusing on: 1) diverse materials used for constructing the fundamental framework of motors; 2) control of motor movement through the regulation of enzymatic reaction rates; and 3) research directions for the clinical application of motors, including in vivo imaging, biomarker detection, cancer treatment, optical therapy, overcoming biological barriers, antibacterial interventions, antithrombotic strategies, and gastric disease management. Despite showing immense potential in biomedical applications, there are still several challenges impeding its practical implementation, such as maintaining activity in the in vivo environment while accurately targeting specific sites to achieve the desired clinical therapeutic effects.
