Functional aptamer evolution-enabled elucidation of a melanoma migration-related bioactive epitope.

Hong XUAN; Siqi BIAN; Qinguo LIU; Jun LI; Shaojin LI; Sharpkate SHAKER; Haiyan CAO; Tongxuan WEI; Panzhu YAO; Yifan CHEN; Xiyang LIU; Ruidong XUE; Youbo ZHANG; Liqin ZHANG

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Functional aptamer evolution-enabled elucidation of a melanoma migration-related bioactive epitope.

Author: Hong XUAN ¹ ; Siqi BIAN ¹ ; Qinguo LIU ¹ ; Jun LI ¹ ; Shaojin LI ¹ ; Sharpkate SHAKER ¹ ; Haiyan CAO ¹ ; Tongxuan WEI ¹ ; Panzhu YAO ¹ ; Yifan CHEN ¹ ; Xiyang LIU ¹ ; Ruidong XUE ¹ ; Youbo ZHANG ¹ ; Liqin ZHANG ¹
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1. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Aptamer; CSPG4; Chondroitin sulfate chain; Cytoskeletal rearrangement; FAETI; Melanoma migration; Phenotype screening; Target and epitope discovery
From: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2025;15(6):3196-3209
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: Metastasis is the leading cause of death from cutaneous melanoma. Identifying metastasis-related targets and developing corresponding therapeutic strategies are major areas of focus. While functional genomics strategies provide powerful tools for target discovery, investigations at the protein level can directly decode the bioactive epitopes on functional proteins. Aptamers present a promising avenue as they can explore membrane proteomes and have the potential to interfere with cell function. Herein, we developed a target and epitope discovery platform, termed functional aptamer evolution-enabled target identification (FAETI), by integrating affinity aptamer acquisition with phenotype screening and target protein identification. Utilizing the aptamer XH3C, which was screened for its migration-inhibitory function, we identified the Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), as a potential target involved in melanoma migration. Further evidence demonstrated that XH3C induces cytoskeletal rearrangement by blocking the interaction between the bioactive epitope of CSPG4 and integrin α4. Taken together, our study demonstrates the robustness of aptamer-based molecular tools for target and epitope discovery. Additionally, XH3C is an affinity and functional molecule that selectively binds to a unique epitope on CSPG4, enabling the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.