An infant with leukemia complicated by Pneumocystisjirovecii pneumonia: A case report and literature review.
10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2025.240433
- Author:
Zhijuan ZHANG
1
,
2
,
3
;
Hong ZHENG
1
;
Shengfeng WANG
4
;
Shan ZHU
1
;
Minghua YANG
1
,
3
,
5
Author Information
1. Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
2. zhangzj1230206@
3. com.
4. Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
5. yamahua123@
- Publication Type:English Abstract
- Keywords:
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia;
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid;
infantile leukemia;
sulfamethoxazole complex;
targeted next-generation sequencing
- MeSH:
Humans;
Infant;
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology*;
Immunocompromised Host;
Leukemia/complications*;
Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification*;
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis*;
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use*
- From:
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences)
2025;50(6):1106-1112
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic pulmonary infection that commonly occurs in immunocompromised children. We report a case of infantile leukemia complicated by PJP and review the relevant literature. A summary and analysis of 10 infantile leukemia patients with PJP infection (9 cases reported in the literature and 1 case from our center) showed that PJP mostly occurred in the early stages of chemotherapy (80%, 8/10). The main clinical manifestations were dyspnea (100%, 10/10) and hypoxemia (50%, 5/10), while pulmonary imaging findings lacked specificity. In most cases (50%, 5/10), diagnosis was established by identifying pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid under microscopy. In our case, diagnosis was confirmed using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with intravenous sulfamethoxazole complex was administered in 8 patients, all of whom eventually recovered. PJP may occur in the early stages of chemotherapy for infantile leukemia, thus early prevention is necessary. tNGS facilitates early diagnosis of PJP, and sulfamethoxazole complex remains an effective therapeutic option.
