The Kashima Scan Study 2: a protocol for a prospective observational cohort study of cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically healthy adults.

Kohei SUZUYAMA; Yusuke YAKUSHIJI; Akiko MATSUMOTO; Toshihiro IDE; Mikiko TOKIYA; Atsushi OGATA; Junko NAKAJIMA; Tatsumi HIROTSU; Shuhei IKEDA; Tatsuya DOYAMA; Masayasu MORIKAWA; Yuta GOTO; Yoshiko KATSUKI; Kazuhiro KAWAMOTO; Yoshimasa ODA; Haruki KOIKE; Hideo HARA

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The Kashima Scan Study 2: a protocol for a prospective observational cohort study of cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically healthy adults.

Author: Kohei SUZUYAMA ¹ ; Yusuke YAKUSHIJI ¹ ; Akiko MATSUMOTO ² ; Toshihiro IDE ¹ ; Mikiko TOKIYA ² ; Atsushi OGATA ³ ; Junko NAKAJIMA ⁴ ; Tatsumi HIROTSU ⁵ ; Shuhei IKEDA ¹ ; Tatsuya DOYAMA ⁶ ; Masayasu MORIKAWA ⁶ ; Yuta GOTO ¹ ; Yoshiko KATSUKI ¹ ; Kazuhiro KAWAMOTO ¹ ; Yoshimasa ODA ⁷ ; Haruki KOIKE ¹ ; Hideo HARA ¹
Author Information

1. Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University.
2. Department of Social Medicine, Saga University.
3. Department of Neurosurgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine.
4. Department of Radiology, Oda Hospital.
5. Department of Neurosurgery, Oda Hospital.
6. Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University.
7. Department of Internal Medicine, Oda Hospital.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cognitive impairment; Genetic polymorphism; Lifestyles; Small vessel disease; Stroke
MeSH: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/diagnostic imaging*; Japan/epidemiology*; Life Style; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prospective Studies; Observational Studies as Topic
From:Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2025;30():52-52
CountryJapan
Language:English
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Our previous observational cohort study, the Kashima Scan Study (KSS), identified associations between lifestyle, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) as detected by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and disease outcomes including cognitive impairment and vascular diseases. However, established modifiers of the outcomes such as genetic background, drinking and exercise habits, and socioeconomic status were not considered. Regarding genetic factors in particular, the ALDH2 rs671 variant, East Asian-specific diversity, and APOE status are expected to have strong effects. The aim of KSS-2 is to examine the interactions of genetic background, lifestyle factors including drinking habit, socioeconomic status, and/or SVD markers for cognitive impairment, vascular disease, and death.
METHOD:The KSS-2 is a prospective regional observational study of a healthy Japanese cohort that will clarify lifestyle habits to better maintain brain health from midlife by genotype. Japanese adults who underwent brain health checkups at their own expense are enrolled and will be followed-up for 10 years. We will extend the protocol of the KSS to include genetic background and potential confounding factors, including lifestyle (including drinking and exercise habit) and socioeconomic status, and perform survival analyses. The study outcomes are cognitive impairment, vascular events, and death.
RESULTS:We enrolled 908 healthy adults (mean age 64.2 years; range 35 to 84 years; 41% male) from September 1, 2018 until December 31, 2024.
CONCLUSION:This study will provide important insights into the development of individualized health intervention strategies.