The Expression and Significance of PD-1, Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in Multiple Myeloma.
10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.05.019
- Author:
Di LIU
1
;
Qian CHEN
2
;
Ling LI
3
;
Hua-Xin JIANG
1
Author Information
1. Department of Clinical Laboratory Examination,Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, Shandong Province, China.
2. Department of Hematology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, Shandong Province, China.
3. Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, Shandong Province, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
multiple myeloma;
programmed death receptor 1;
Th1 cytokines;
Th2 cytokines;
Th17 cytokines
- MeSH:
Humans;
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism*;
Multiple Myeloma/blood*;
Cytokines/metabolism*;
Th17 Cells/metabolism*;
Th1 Cells/metabolism*;
Th2 Cells/metabolism*;
Female;
Male;
Interleukin-10;
Interferon-gamma;
Middle Aged;
Interleukin-17;
Interleukin-2;
Interleukin-4;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha;
Interleukin-6;
Aged
- From:
Journal of Experimental Hematology
2025;33(5):1366-1373
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To explore the expression and clinical significance of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in multiple myeloma (MM).
METHODS:A total of 76 MM patients treated in the Tengzhou Central People's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were collected as MM group, and 48 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination during the same period were included as control group. The expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the levels of serum Th1 cytokines ［interleukin (IL) -2, interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)］, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17) were detected in the two groups. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between PD-1, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines and clinical stage and immune typing of MM patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy in MM patients, and the factors were tested for multicollinearity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of PD-1, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines in chemotherapy efficacy of MM patients.
RESULTS:The levels of CD4+T PD-1, CD8+T PD-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in the MM group were higher than those in the control group, while the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were lower (all P <0.001). The levels of CD4+T PD-1, CD8+T PD-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in R-ISS stage III patients were higher than those in stage II and I patients, and the levels in stage II patients were higher than those in stage I patients (all P <0.05). The IL-2 level in R-ISS stage III patients was lower than that in stage II and I patients, and IL-2 level in R-ISS stage II patients was lower than that in stage I patients (all P <0.05). The levels of CD4+T PD-1, CD8+T PD-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in IgG patients were higher than those in IgA, light chain, and non secretory patients, while the level of IL-2 was lower (all P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that CD4+T PD-1, CD8+T PD-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 were positively correlated with R-ISS staging in MM patients (r =0.623, 0.635, 0.728, 0.330, 0.742, 0.412), and negatively correlated with immune classification (r =-0.664, -0.756, -0.642, -0.479, -0.613, -0.323). IL-2 was negatively correlated with R-ISS staging in MM patients (r =-0.280), and positively correlated with immune classification (r =0.483). The levels of CD4+T PD-1, CD8+T PD-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in the non-remission group were higher than those in the remission group, while the level of IL-2 was lower (all P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased CD4+T PD-1, CD8+T PD-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 were risk factors for the efficacy of chemotherapy in MM patients (OR >1, P <0.05), while the increased IL-2 was a protective factor (OR < 1, P <0.05). The results of multicollinearity test showed that the tolerance of the seven factors included was between 0.714-0.885, and the variance inflation factor was between 1.130-1.400. There was no multicollinearity. The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve for the combined prediction of chemotherapy efficacy in MM patients by the above 7 factors was 0.942, with specificity of 0.741 and sensitivity of 0.909.
CONCLUSION:The expression levels of PD-1 on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and serum Th2 and Th17 cytokines in MM patients are high, while Th1 cytokines are low. PD-1, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines are related to clinical stage and immune classification of MM patients. The combined detection of these indicators can help predict the chemotherapy efficacy of MM patients.
