Effect and mechanism of Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds, and velamen in improving learning and memory impairments in mice based on transcriptomic and metabolomic.
10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20250520.401
- Author:
Zhi-Hao WANG
1
;
Shu-Yi FENG
2
;
Tao LI
2
;
Wan-Ping ZHOU
3
;
Jin-Yu WANG
4
;
Yang LIU
2
;
Lin ZHANG
5
;
Yuan-Yuan XIE
3
;
Xiu-Lan HUANG
6
;
Zhi-Yong LI
4
;
Lu-Qi HUANG
7
Author Information
1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong 030619, China State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
2. Medical Experiment Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
3. Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China.
4. State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
5. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250355, China.
6. School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China.
7. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Moringa oleifera;
learning and memory impairment;
multi-objective optimization;
targeted metabolomics;
transcriptomics
- MeSH:
Animals;
Moringa oleifera/chemistry*;
Male;
Mice;
Seeds/chemistry*;
Plant Leaves/chemistry*;
Mice, Inbred ICR;
Memory Disorders/psychology*;
Transcriptome/drug effects*;
Memory/drug effects*;
Learning/drug effects*;
Metabolomics;
Humans;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage*;
Maze Learning/drug effects*
- From:
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
2025;50(13):3793-3812
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Moringa oleifera, widely utilized in Ayurvedic medicine, is recognized for its leaves, seeds, and velamen possessing traditional effects such as vātahara(wind alleviation), sirovirecaka(brain clearing), and hridya(mental nourishment). This study aims to identify the medicinal part of ■ in the Sārasvata ghee formulation as described in the Bower Manuscript, while investigating the ameliorative effects of different medicinal parts of M. oleifera on learning and memory deficits in mice and elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. A total of 144 male ICR mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: control, model(scopolamine hydrobromide, Sco, 2 mg·kg~(-1)), donepezil(donepezil hydrochloride, Don, 3 mg·kg~(-1)), M. oleifera leaf low-, medium-, and high-dose groups(0.5, 1, 2 g·kg~(-1)), M. oleifera seeds low-, medium-, and high-dose groups(0.25, 0.5, 1 g·kg~(-1)), and M. oleifera velamen low-, medium-, and high-dose groups(0.31, 0.62, 1.24 g·kg~(-1)). Learning and memory abilities were assessed using the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze. Nissl and HE staining were employed to examine histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics were used to screen differential genes and metabolites, with MetaboAnalyst 6.0 and O2PLS methods applied to identify key disease-related targets and pathways. RESULTS:: demonstrated that M. oleifera leaf(1 g·kg~(-1)) significantly ameliorated Sco-induced learning and memory deficits, outperforming M. oleifera seeds(0.25 g·kg~(-1)) and M. oleifera velamen(1.24 g·kg~(-1)). This was evidenced by improved behavioral performance, reversal of neuronal damage, and reduced acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity. Multi-omics analysis revealed that M. oleifera leaf upregulated Tuba1c gene expression through the synaptic vesicle cycle, enhancing glutamate(Glu), dopamine(DA), and acetylcholine(ACh) release via Tuba1c-Glu associations for neuroprotection. M. oleifera seeds targeted the dopaminergic synapse pathway, promoting memory consolidation through Drd2-ACh associations. M. oleifera velamen was associated with the cocaine addiction pathway, modulating dopamine metabolism via Adora2a-DOPAC, with limited relevance to learning and memory. In conclusion, M. oleifera leaf exhibits superior efficacy and mechanistic advantages over M. oleifera seeds and velamen, suggesting that the ■ in the Sārasvata ghee formulation is likely M. oleifera leaf, providing scientific evidence for its identification in ancient texts.
